Santé Publique France, Direction des Régions Grand-Est, Nancy, 54000, France.
Santé Publique France, Direction des Régions Grand-Est, Nancy, 54000, France.
J Epidemiol Popul Health. 2024 Apr;72(2):202194. doi: 10.1016/j.jeph.2024.202194. Epub 2024 Feb 22.
The COVID-19 pandemic led many countries to drastically limit social activities. The objective of this study is to describe the factors associated with compliance with protective measures and social distancing in the general adult population in France, between March and December 2020 (first and second waves of the epidemic), before vaccination began at the end of December 2020.
The data come from the CoviPrev repeated cross-sectional descriptive survey, conducted between March 2020 and December 2022 in metropolitan France. The data collected from March to December 2020 (19 survey waves), from a panel representative of the general population, were used. Three periods were defined: the first epidemic wave (March-April), the inter-wave period (May-June) and the second epidemic wave (November-December). A compliance score was constructed to measure systematic compliance with the five main measures. The association between systematic compliance and different variables (sociodemographic, mental health, level of health literacy, perceived severity of COVID-19, confidence in government, perceived effectiveness of the measures) was described using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models, using the statistical software R.
Systematic compliance with the preventive measures changed over time. Regardless of the period, being a woman, being over 50, perceiving COVID-19 as severe, having a high level of health literacy or anxiety were positively associated with compliance. Having a child under 16 years of age and perceiving the measures as effective were positively associated with compliance with the protective measures during the epidemic waves; conversely, having a high level of depression, living alone, not working were negatively associated in the first epidemic wave. Finally, during the inter-wave period, living in an area heavily affected during the first wave and having a high level of education were positively and negatively associated with systematic compliance with the preventive measures, respectively.
The factors associated with compliance with the protective measures and social distancing evolved during the epidemic. Monitoring this evolution, in order to adapt communication and awareness strategies, is essential in the context of pandemic response.
COVID-19 大流行导致许多国家大幅限制社会活动。本研究的目的是描述 2020 年 3 月至 12 月（疫情的第一波和第二波）期间，在 2020 年 12 月底疫苗开始接种之前，法国普通成年人口中与遵守保护措施和保持社交距离相关的因素。
数据来自于 2020 年 3 月至 2022 年 12 月在法国大都市进行的重复横断面描述性 CoviPrev 调查。使用 2020 年 3 月至 12 月（19 次调查波）收集的数据，该数据来自一般人群的代表性样本。定义了三个时期：第一波疫情（3 月至 4 月）、波间期（5 月至 6 月）和第二波疫情（11 月至 12 月）。构建了一个依从性评分来衡量对五项主要措施的系统依从性。使用统计软件 R，通过单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型，描述了系统依从性与不同变量（社会人口统计学、心理健康、健康素养水平、对 COVID-19 的严重程度感知、对政府的信心、对措施的有效性感知）之间的关联。
随着时间的推移，预防措施的系统依从性发生了变化。无论在哪个时期，女性、50 岁以上、认为 COVID-19 严重、具有较高的健康素养水平或焦虑都与遵守行为呈正相关。有 16 岁以下的孩子和认为措施有效的与疫情期间的保护措施遵守行为呈正相关；相反，在第一波疫情中，患有高度抑郁、独居、不工作与遵守行为呈负相关。最后，在波间期，在第一波疫情中受影响严重的地区居住和受过高等教育与预防措施的系统依从性呈正相关和负相关。
与遵守保护措施和保持社交距离相关的因素在疫情期间发生了变化。监测这种演变，以便调整沟通和意识策略，在大流行应对中至关重要。
