Tripathy Dev Kumar, Panda Lakshmi Priya, Biswal Suryanarayan, Barhwal Kalpana
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, India.
Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Mar 8;15:1355242. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355242. eCollection 2024.
Glioblastoma (GB) is an intrusive and recurrent primary brain tumor with low survivability. The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the stemness and proliferation of GB. The tumor microenvironment induces tumor heterogeneity of cancer cells by facilitating clonal evolution and promoting multidrug resistance, leading to cancer cell progression and metastasis. It also plays an important role in angiogenesis to nourish the hypoxic tumor environment. There is a strong interaction of neoplastic cells with their surrounding microenvironment that comprise several immune and non-immune cellular components. The tumor microenvironment is a complex network of immune components like microglia, macrophages, T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and non-immune components such as extracellular matrix, endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons. The prognosis of GB is thus challenging, making it a difficult target for therapeutic interventions. The current therapeutic approaches target these regulators of tumor micro-environment through both generalized and personalized approaches. The review provides a summary of important milestones in GB research, factors regulating tumor microenvironment and promoting angiogenesis and potential therapeutic agents widely used for the treatment of GB patients.
胶质母细胞瘤（GB）是一种侵袭性和复发性原发性脑肿瘤，生存率较低。肿瘤微环境的异质性在GB的干性和增殖中起着关键作用。肿瘤微环境通过促进克隆进化和多药耐药性来诱导癌细胞的肿瘤异质性，导致癌细胞进展和转移。它在血管生成中也起着重要作用，以滋养缺氧的肿瘤环境。肿瘤细胞与其周围的微环境之间存在强烈的相互作用，周围微环境由几种免疫和非免疫细胞成分组成。肿瘤微环境是一个由小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、T细胞、B细胞、自然杀伤（NK）细胞、树突状细胞和髓源性抑制细胞等免疫成分以及细胞外基质、内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞和神经元等非免疫成分组成的复杂网络。因此，GB的预后具有挑战性，使其成为治疗干预的难题。目前的治疗方法通过通用和个性化方法针对这些肿瘤微环境调节因子。本综述总结了GB研究中的重要里程碑、调节肿瘤微环境和促进血管生成的因素以及广泛用于治疗GB患者的潜在治疗药物。
