Design circular polarized antenna at ISM band for WBAN using parasitic elements.

This work represents a single layer wide band circular polarized (CP) antenna with broadside high gain. The antenna configuration comprises an elliptical patch serving as the main radiating element, accompanied by eight parasitic components positioned on the same plane as the patch. This setup demonstrates an enhancement in the antenna's bandwidth and gain in the broadside direction compared to conventional antennas. A detailed analysis of the significant modes, using the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) approach, has been employed to optimize the antenna. This optimization has resulted in a notable increase in the 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth and radiation gain in the broadside direction, attributed to the presence of extra harmonics and the improved aperture efficiency of the parasitic elements. The significant modes are excited via a full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation, utilizing a 50 Ω coaxial feed line in the primary antenna. Furthermore, the proposed antenna's functionality is examined through an analysis based on an equivalent circuit model (ECM). To demonstrate the feasibility of the design approach, an antenna prototype is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 material, occupying an overall volume of ( is the center operating. frequency). The measured results demonstrate that the suggested antenna operates within a frequency band ranging from 5485 to 6130 MHz for |S11| -10 dB, and the 3-dB axial ratio ranges from 5680 to 5900 MHz. Moreover, the fabricated antenna demonstrates a high gain radiation of 7-7.05 dBi cover the ISM band for biomedical applications.