Martín-Manchado Laura, Prieto-Huecas Laura, Piera-Jordán Clara Ángela, De la Cruz-Delgado Verónica Serrano, García-Velert María Belén, Tordera-Terrades Cristina, Zaragoza-Martí Ana
Departamento de Enfermería; Universidad de Alicante. Alicante. España.
Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia; Hospital Marina Salud. Denia. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2024 Mar 25;98:e202403027.
Currently, esterility affects between 15% and 20% of couples of fertile age. Female reproductive success is mainly determined by age and ovarian reserve (OR). Recent studies highlight the influence of modifiable factors such as dietary habits and nutritional status on OR. In this regard, the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is postulated as a standard of healthy eating. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to analyze the influence of adherence to DM and nutritional status on the OR of infertile women.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, lasting one year, between February 2022 and February 2023, in a sample of forty-five female patients who attended the Gynaecology-Esterility consultation at the Marina Salud Hospital in Denia (Spain) due to genital desire older than one year. An exploratory descriptive analysis based on univariate statistics was performed.
The mean age of the sample (n=45) was 31.84 (±3.99) years, with an average BMI of 26.27 (±6.08) kg/m2, with 44.4% (n=20) having excess body weight. The RO was measured based on AMH, with an average value of 2.32 (±1.59) ng/ml and RFA, with an average of 19.80 (±14.13) antral follicles. A statistically significant association was found between low adherence to DM and lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; p=0.025) levels. In addition, an association was found between low consumption of vegetables (p=0.044), excessive consumption of red meat (p=0.027) and carbonated beverages (p=0.015) with insufficient AMH levels, indicative of low OR. Low fruit consumption was also found to be associated with low oestradiol levels (p=0.045). Statistically significant associations were also found reflecting the influence of nutritional status on OR.
One of the main factors conditioning the success of ART (assisted reproductive technology) is the woman's OR. The most widely used parameter to assess OR is AMH. Lifestyle and diet are modifiable factors that can influence OR. High adherence to DM and consumption of vegetables is associated with higher levels of AMH; however, high intake of red meat and carbonated beverages is associated with lower levels. Nutritional status, adherence to DM and dietary habits influence the status of OR, so it would be advisable to promote programmes to improve the population's diet in order to improve reproductive health.
目前，不孕影响着15%至20%的育龄夫妇。女性的生殖成功率主要由年龄和卵巢储备（OR）决定。最近的研究强调了饮食习惯和营养状况等可改变因素对卵巢储备的影响。在这方面，地中海饮食（MD）被假定为健康饮食的标准。因此，本文的目的是分析坚持地中海饮食和营养状况对不孕女性卵巢储备的影响。
在2022年2月至2023年2月的一年时间里，对45名因生殖欲望超过一年而前往西班牙德尼亚滨海健康医院妇科-不孕门诊就诊的女性患者进行了描述性横断面研究。基于单变量统计进行了探索性描述性分析。
样本（n = 45）的平均年龄为31.84（±3.99）岁，平均体重指数为26.27（±6.08）kg/m²，44.4%（n = 20）体重超标。基于抗缪勒管激素（AMH）测量卵巢储备，平均值为2.32（±1.59）ng/ml，基于窦卵泡计数（RFA）测量，平均有19.80（±14.13）个窦卵泡。发现低坚持地中海饮食与较低的抗缪勒管激素（AMH；p = 0.025）水平之间存在统计学显著关联。此外，发现蔬菜摄入量低（p = 0.044）、红肉摄入量过多（p = 0.027）和碳酸饮料摄入量过多（p = 0.015）与AMH水平不足相关，表明卵巢储备低。还发现水果摄入量低与雌二醇水平低相关（p = 0.045）。还发现了反映营养状况对卵巢储备影响的统计学显著关联。
辅助生殖技术（ART）成功的主要因素之一是女性的卵巢储备。评估卵巢储备最广泛使用的参数是AMH。生活方式和饮食是可影响卵巢储备的可改变因素。高坚持地中海饮食和蔬菜消费与较高的AMH水平相关；然而，红肉和碳酸饮料的高摄入量与较低水平相关。营养状况、坚持地中海饮食和饮食习惯影响卵巢储备状况，因此建议推广改善人群饮食以改善生殖健康的项目。
