Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China.
Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2024 Jun 1;352:114501. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114501. Epub 2024 Mar 26.
Reproductive history is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer in women. Pregnancy can promote short-term breast cancer risk, but also reduce a woman's lifetime risk of breast cancer. Changes in hormone levels before and after pregnancy are one of the key factors in breast cancer risk. This article summarizes the changes in hormone levels before and after pregnancy, and the roles of hormones in mammary gland development and breast cancer progression. Other factors, such as changes in breast morphology and mammary gland differentiation, changes in the proportion of mammary stem cells (MaSCs), changes in the immune and inflammatory environment, and changes in lactation before and after pregnancy, also play key roles in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. This review discusses the dual effects and the potential mechanisms of pregnancy on breast cancer risk from the above aspects, which is helpful to understand the complexity of female breast cancer occurrence.
生殖史是女性乳腺癌的最强危险因素之一。妊娠可短暂增加乳腺癌风险，但也降低女性一生的乳腺癌发病风险。妊娠前后激素水平的变化是乳腺癌风险的关键因素之一。本文总结了妊娠前后激素水平的变化，以及激素在乳腺发育和乳腺癌进展中的作用。其他因素，如乳房形态和乳腺分化的变化、乳腺干细胞（MaSCs）比例的变化、妊娠前后免疫和炎症环境的变化以及泌乳的变化，也在乳腺癌的发生和发展中起关键作用。本综述从上述方面讨论了妊娠对乳腺癌风险的双重影响及其潜在机制，有助于理解女性乳腺癌发生的复杂性。
