Nagamani Katukotta, Mishra Anoop Kumar, Meer Mohammad Suhail, Das Jayanta
Centre for Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
Office of Director General of Meteorology, India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Science, SATMET Division, Mausam Bhavan, New Delhi, 110003, India.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 25;14(1):7060. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53535-w.
The Himalayan region, characterized by its substantial topographical scale and elevation, exhibits vulnerability to flash floods and landslides induced by natural and anthropogenic influences. The study focuses on the Himalayan region, emphasizing the pivotal role of geographical and atmospheric parameters in flash flood occurrences. Specifically, the investigation delves into the intricate interactions between atmospheric and surface parameters to elucidate their collective contribution to flash flooding within the Nainital region of Uttarakhand in the Himalayan terrain. Pre-flood parameters, including total aerosol optical depth, cloud cover thickness, and total precipitable water vapor, were systematically analyzed, revealing a noteworthy correlation with flash flooding event transpiring on October 17th, 18th, and 19th, 2021. Which resulted in a huge loss of life and property in the study area. Contrasting the October 2021 heavy rainfall with the time series data (2000-2021), the historical pattern indicates flash flooding predominantly during June to September. The rare occurrence of October flash flooding suggests a potential shift in the area's precipitation pattern, possibly influenced by climate change. Robust statistical analyses, specifically employing non-parametric tests including the Autocorrelation function (ACF), Mann-Kendall (MK) test, Modified Mann-Kendall, and Sen's slope (q) estimator, were applied to discern extreme precipitation characteristics from 2000 to 201. The findings revealed a general non-significant increasing trend, except for July, which exhibited a non-significant decreasing trend. Moreover, the results elucidate the application of Meteosat-8 data and remote sensing applications to analyze flash flood dynamics. Furthermore, the research extensively explores the substantial roles played by pre and post-atmospheric parameters with geographic parameters in heavy rainfall events that resulted flash flooding, presenting a comprehensive discussion. The findings describe the role of real time remote sensing and satellite and underscore the need for comprehensive approaches to tackle flash flooding, including mitigation. The study also highlights the significance of monitoring weather patterns and rainfall trends to improve disaster preparedness and minimize the impact of flash floods in the Himalayan region.
喜马拉雅地区地形规模大、海拔高，易受自然和人为影响引发的山洪暴发和山体滑坡。该研究聚焦喜马拉雅地区，强调地理和大气参数在山洪暴发事件中的关键作用。具体而言，调查深入探究大气与地表参数之间的复杂相互作用，以阐明它们对喜马拉雅地形中北阿坎德邦奈尼塔尔地区山洪暴发的共同影响。对洪水前参数进行了系统分析，包括总气溶胶光学厚度、云覆盖厚度和总可降水量水汽，结果显示这些参数与2021年10月17日、18日和19日发生的山洪暴发事件存在显著相关性。此次山洪暴发在研究区域造成了巨大的生命和财产损失。将2021年10月的暴雨与时间序列数据（2000 - 2021年）对比，历史模式表明山洪暴发主要发生在6月至9月。10月罕见的山洪暴发表明该地区降水模式可能发生了变化，可能受到气候变化的影响。运用了稳健的统计分析方法，特别是采用非参数检验，包括自相关函数（ACF）、曼 - 肯德尔（MK）检验、修正曼 - 肯德尔检验和森斜率（q）估计器，以识别2000年至2021年的极端降水特征。研究结果显示，除7月呈不显著下降趋势外，总体呈不显著上升趋势。此外，研究结果还阐明了利用Meteosat - 8数据和遥感应用来分析山洪暴发动态的情况。此外，该研究广泛探讨了暴雨引发山洪暴发事件中，大气前后参数与地理参数所起的重要作用，并进行了全面讨论。研究结果描述了实时遥感和卫星的作用，并强调需要采取综合方法应对山洪暴发，包括减灾措施。该研究还强调了监测天气模式和降雨趋势对于提高喜马拉雅地区灾害防备能力以及将山洪暴发影响降至最低的重要性。
