Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Mol Psychiatry. 2024 Sep;29(9):2834-2848. doi: 10.1038/s41380-024-02539-z. Epub 2024 Mar 26.
Immunopsychiatric field has rapidly accumulated evidence demonstrating the involvement of both innate and adaptive immune components in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Nevertheless, researchers are facing dilemmas of discrepant findings of immunophenotypes both outside and inside the brains of psychotic patients, as discovered by recent meta-analyses. These discrepancies make interpretations and interrogations on their roles in psychosis remain vague and even controversial, regarding whether certain immune cells are more activated or less so, and whether they are causal or consequential, or beneficial or harmful for psychosis. Addressing these issues for psychosis is not at all trivial, as immune cells either outside or inside the brain are an enormously heterogeneous and plastic cell population, falling into a vast range of lineages and subgroups, and functioning differently and malleably in context-dependent manners. This review aims to overview the currently known immunophenotypes of patients with psychosis, and provocatively suggest the premature immune "burnout" or inflamm-aging initiated since organ development as a potential primary mechanism behind these immunophenotypes and the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders.
免疫精神病学领域迅速积累了证据,表明先天和适应性免疫成分都参与了精神疾病,如精神分裂症。然而,研究人员在精神疾病患者的大脑内外都面临着免疫表型发现的不一致结果的困境,最近的荟萃分析也揭示了这一点。这些差异使得对它们在精神病中的作用的解释和质疑仍然模糊不清,甚至存在争议,例如某些免疫细胞是否更活跃或不那么活跃,它们是因果关系,还是有益或有害于精神病。解决精神病中的这些问题并非易事,因为大脑内外的免疫细胞是一个极其异质和可塑的细胞群体,分为广泛的谱系和亚群,并且在上下文相关的方式下以不同的方式和可塑的方式发挥作用。这篇综述旨在概述目前已知的精神病患者的免疫表型,并大胆地提出,从器官发育开始的过早的免疫“衰竭”或炎症衰老,可能是这些免疫表型和精神障碍发病机制背后的潜在主要机制。
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