Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
BMC Med. 2024 Mar 26;22(1):141. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03364-5.
Previous studies have shown that lifestyle/environmental factors could accelerate the development of age-related hearing loss (ARHL). However, there has not yet been a study investigating the joint association among genetics, lifestyle/environmental factors, and adherence to healthy lifestyle for risk of ARHL. We aimed to assess the association between ARHL genetic variants, lifestyle/environmental factors, and adherence to healthy lifestyle as pertains to risk of ARHL.
This case-control study included 376,464 European individuals aged 40 to 69 years, enrolled between 2006 and 2010 in the UK Biobank (UKBB). As a replication set, we also included a total of 26,523 individuals considered of European ancestry and 9834 individuals considered of African-American ancestry through the Penn Medicine Biobank (PMBB). The polygenic risk score (PRS) for ARHL was derived from a sensorineural hearing loss genome-wide association study from the FinnGen Consortium and categorized as low, intermediate, high, and very high. We selected lifestyle/environmental factors that have been previously studied in association with hearing loss. A composite healthy lifestyle score was determined using seven selected lifestyle behaviors and one environmental factor.
Of the 376,464 participants, 87,066 (23.1%) cases belonged to the ARHL group, and 289,398 (76.9%) individuals comprised the control group in the UKBB. A very high PRS for ARHL had a 49% higher risk of ARHL than those with low PRS (adjusted OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.36-1.62; P < .001), which was replicated in the PMBB cohort. A very poor lifestyle was also associated with risk of ARHL (adjusted OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 2.75-3.35; P < .001). These risk factors showed joint effects with the risk of ARHL. Conversely, adherence to healthy lifestyle in relation to hearing mostly attenuated the risk of ARHL even in individuals with very high PRS (adjusted OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09-0.52; P < .001).
Our findings of this study demonstrated a significant joint association between genetic and lifestyle factors regarding ARHL. In addition, our analysis suggested that lifestyle adherence in individuals with high genetic risk could reduce the risk of ARHL.
先前的研究表明，生活方式/环境因素可能会加速与年龄相关的听力损失（ARHL）的发展。然而，目前还没有研究调查遗传因素、生活方式/环境因素以及对健康生活方式的依从性之间的联合关联与 ARHL 的风险。我们旨在评估 ARHL 遗传变异、生活方式/环境因素以及健康生活方式的依从性与 ARHL 风险之间的关联。
这项病例对照研究纳入了年龄在 40 至 69 岁之间的 376464 名欧洲个体，他们于 2006 年至 2010 年期间参加了英国生物银行（UKBB）。作为复制集，我们还纳入了总共 26523 名被认为具有欧洲血统的个体和 9834 名被认为具有非裔美国人血统的个体，这些个体来自宾夕法尼亚大学医学生物银行（PMBB）。ARHL 的多基因风险评分（PRS）源自 FinnGen 联盟的一项感觉神经性听力损失全基因组关联研究，并根据风险分为低、中、高和极高。我们选择了先前研究与听力损失相关的生活方式/环境因素。使用七种选定的生活方式行为和一种环境因素来确定综合健康生活方式评分。
在 376464 名参与者中，87066（23.1%）例属于 ARHL 组，289398（76.9%）名个体属于 UKBB 的对照组。与低 PRS 相比，ARHL 的极高 PRS 使 ARHL 的风险增加了 49%（调整后的 OR，1.49；95%CI，1.36-1.62；P<0.001），这在 PMBB 队列中得到了复制。不良的生活方式也与 ARHL 的风险相关（调整后的 OR，3.03；95%CI，2.75-3.35；P<0.001）。这些风险因素与 ARHL 的风险具有联合作用。相反，即使在具有极高 PRS 的个体中，健康生活方式的依从性与听力的关系也大多降低了 ARHL 的风险（调整后的 OR，0.21；95%CI，0.09-0.52；P<0.001）。
本研究的发现表明，遗传和生活方式因素与 ARHL 之间存在显著的联合关联。此外，我们的分析表明，高遗传风险个体的生活方式依从性可以降低 ARHL 的风险。
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