School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
Personnel Department, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Mar 12;12:1360940. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1360940. eCollection 2024.
The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between moral sensitivity, empathy, and caring behaviors and to explore the mediating effect of empathy on moral sensitivity and caring behaviors of nursing interns.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to September 2022 in which 261 nursing interns from two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi'an participated. The questionnaires used in the survey include the General Information Questionnaire (GIQ), the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised Version translated into Chinese (MSQ R-CV), the Chinese version of the Jefferson Empathy Scale (JSE), and the Chinese version of the Caring Behavior Inventory (C-CBI). The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the mediating effect of empathy was tested through structural equations.
The overall mean of moral sensitivity of nursing interns in two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi'an is 40.84 ± 8.73, the overall mean of empathy is 100.51 ± 21.56, and the overall mean of caring behavior is (113.81 ± 21.05). Statistical analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between moral sensitivity and caring behavior of nursing interns ( = 0.376, < 0.01), between their empathy and moral sensitivity ( = 0.336, < 0.01), and between their empathy and caring behavior ( = 0.394, < 0.01). The empathy of nursing interns has a mediated effect on the relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior. The mediated effect value was 0.14, accounting for 31.82% of the total effect.
The moral sensitivity of nursing interns can have a direct impact on predicting the caring behavior and indirect influences their caring behaviors mediated by empathy, with the latter effect being mediated by empathy. Therefore, nursing educators and hospital administrators should adopt targeted interventions to improve the moral sensitivity and empathy of nursing interns, which can further prove to be beneficial in improving their caring behaviors, leading to enhanced quality of nursing care and reduced nurse-patient conflicts and finally to a stabilized nursing team.
本研究的主要目的是分析道德敏感性、同理心和关怀行为之间的关系，并探讨同理心对护理实习生道德敏感性和关怀行为的中介作用。
2022 年 8 月至 9 月，采用横断面调查方法，选取西安市 2 家 3A 医院的 261 名护理实习生为研究对象。调查问卷包括一般资料问卷（GIQ）、中文版道德敏感性问卷修订版（MSQ R-CV）、中文版杰斐逊同理心量表（JSE）和中文版关怀行为量表（C-CBI）。采用描述性统计分析、单因素方差分析和 Pearson 相关系数分析，以及结构方程检验同理心的中介作用。
西安市 2 家 3A 医院护理实习生道德敏感性总分为（40.84±8.73）分，同理心总分为（100.51±21.56）分，关怀行为总分为（113.81±21.05）分。统计分析显示，护理实习生道德敏感性与关怀行为呈正相关（ = 0.376， < 0.01），同理心与道德敏感性呈正相关（ = 0.336， < 0.01），同理心与关怀行为呈正相关（ = 0.394， < 0.01）。护理实习生同理心在道德敏感性与关怀行为之间起部分中介作用，中介效应值为 0.14，占总效应的 31.82%。
护理实习生道德敏感性可以直接预测关怀行为，也可以通过同理心间接影响关怀行为，且后者的影响是通过同理心起中介作用的。因此，护理教育者和医院管理者应采取有针对性的干预措施，提高护理实习生的道德敏感性和同理心，这有助于提高他们的关怀行为，进而提高护理质量，减少护患冲突，稳定护理团队。
