Yaguchi Yuri, Konta Tsuneo, Imaeda Nahomi, Goto Chiho, Ueno Yoshiyuki, Kayama Takamasa
Department of Education, Art, and Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan.
Department of Public Health, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata, Japan.
Front Nutr. 2024 Mar 12;11:1341240. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1341240. eCollection 2024.
Fast eating has been positively associated with visceral fat accumulation in normal-weight individuals according to body mass index (BMI). However, previous studies have not examined energy and nutrients, or adjusted for food intake. We examined the relationship between eating speed and visceral fat accumulation, using waist circumference as an index, in middle-aged participants who were considered to be of standard weight according to BMI, with nutrient intake added as an adjustment factor.
We included 6,548 Japanese participants (3,875 men and 2,673 women) aged 40-74 years with BMI 18.5-25.0 kg/m who were enrolled in the Yamagata Cohort Study. Participants were divided into "fast," "normal," and "slow" eaters according to self-reported eating speed. Nutrient and food intake were evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, and the difference in intake by eating speed and sex was compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between waist circumference obesity (men ≥85 cm, women ≥90 cm, according to Japanese criteria) and eating speed, adjusted for nutrient intake and other lifestyle habits.
In men, slow eaters had greater intakes of dietary protein, fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 PUFA, total dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, soybean products, fish, green and yellow vegetables, other vegetables, mushrooms, and seaweed in comparison with normal-speed eaters. In men, waist circumference obesity was significantly lower among slow eaters than in the group with normal eating speed. In women, waist circumference obesity was not significantly associated with eating speed and was not also associated with nutrient/food consumption except omega-6 PUFA.
Eating slowly was associated with healthy dietary habits. Our results could help prevent waist circumference obesity in men with a BMI between 18.5 and 25.0 kg/m. However, similar findings were not observed in women, suggesting a sex difference.
根据体重指数（BMI），在体重正常的个体中，进食速度快与内脏脂肪堆积呈正相关。然而，以往的研究并未考察能量和营养素，也未对食物摄入量进行调整。我们以腰围为指标，在根据BMI被认为体重标准的中年参与者中，考察进食速度与内脏脂肪堆积之间的关系，并将营养素摄入量作为调整因素。
我们纳入了山形队列研究中的6548名40 - 74岁的日本参与者（3875名男性和2673名女性），其BMI为18.5 - 25.0kg/m²。参与者根据自我报告的进食速度分为“进食快”、“进食正常”和“进食慢”三组。使用食物频率问卷评估营养素和食物摄入量，并比较不同进食速度和性别的摄入量差异。采用逻辑回归分析来考察腰围肥胖（根据日本标准，男性≥85cm，女性≥90cm）与进食速度之间的关系，并对营养素摄入量和其他生活习惯进行调整。
在男性中，与进食速度正常的人相比，进食慢的人摄入的膳食蛋白质、脂肪、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、ω-3 PUFA、总膳食纤维、可溶性膳食纤维、不可溶性膳食纤维、豆制品、鱼类、绿色和黄色蔬菜、其他蔬菜、蘑菇和海藻更多。在男性中，进食慢的人腰围肥胖显著低于进食速度正常的组。在女性中，腰围肥胖与进食速度无显著关联，除ω-6 PUFA外，也与营养素/食物消费无关联。
进食慢与健康的饮食习惯相关。我们的结果可能有助于预防BMI在18.5至25.0kg/m²之间的男性出现腰围肥胖。然而，在女性中未观察到类似结果，提示存在性别差异。
