Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
Thyroid. 2024 Jun;34(6):753-763. doi: 10.1089/thy.2023.0561. Epub 2024 Apr 8.
Thyroid disorders are associated with various dietary factors and nutritional elements. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between dietary vitamin E intake and the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibody positivity using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Data from the NHANES database collected between 2007 and 2012 were analyzed. A total of 7,773 nonpregnant adults without preexisting thyroid diseases and possessing complete thyroid and vitamin E data were included in the study. The participants were categorized into tertiles based on their dietary vitamin E intake: the lowest group (T1: ≤4.53 mg), the intermediate group (T2: 4.54-8.10 mg), and the highest group (T3: ≥8.11 mg). We used a complex multistage probability sampling design in conjunction with R software. We compared thyroid indices, the prevalence of overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, and the occurrence of thyroid antibody positivity among the three groups based on vitamin E intake. Weighted multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between dietary vitamin E intake and thyroid disorders. Restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were used to explore potential nonlinear associations. The prevalence rates of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) were 3.63%, 3.07%, and 1.85% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively, indicating a decreasing trend (-trend = 0.013). In the general population, high vitamin E intake (T3) was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of SCH (OR = 0.28, CI = 0.15-0.54, < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed a more pronounced protective effect in males, with both moderate (T2, OR = 0.45, CI = 0.23-0.87, = 0.020) and high (T3, OR = 0.19, CI = 0.09-0.39, < 0.001) dietary vitamin E intake being associated with a lower prevalence of SCH. In addition, moderate (T2, OR = 0.59, CI = 0.37-0.93, = 0.024) and high (T3, OR = 0.52, CI = 0.36-0.75, < 0.001) dietary vitamin E intake was associated with a lower prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in males. However, no significant association was observed among females. The findings of this study suggest that a higher intake of vitamin E is associated with lower prevalence rates of SCH and autoimmune thyroiditis among males.
甲状腺疾病与各种饮食因素和营养元素有关。本研究旨在利用国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）数据库的数据，探讨膳食维生素 E 摄入与甲状腺功能障碍和甲状腺抗体阳性的患病率之间的关系。 分析了 2007 年至 2012 年期间 NHANES 数据库的数据。共纳入 7773 名无既往甲状腺疾病且甲状腺和维生素 E 数据完整的非妊娠成年人。根据膳食维生素 E 摄入量将参与者分为三组：摄入量最低组（T1：≤4.53mg）、摄入量中间组（T2：4.54-8.10mg）和摄入量最高组（T3：≥8.11mg）。我们使用复杂的多阶段概率抽样设计和 R 软件。根据维生素 E 摄入量，我们比较了三组之间的甲状腺指数、显性和亚临床甲状腺功能亢进或甲状腺功能减退的患病率以及甲状腺抗体阳性的发生情况。使用加权多项逻辑回归评估膳食维生素 E 摄入与甲状腺疾病之间的关联。限制性三次样条（RCS）用于探索潜在的非线性关联。 T1、T2 和 T3 组的亚临床甲状腺功能减退症（SCH）患病率分别为 3.63%、3.07%和 1.85%，呈下降趋势（-趋势=0.013）。在一般人群中，高维生素 E 摄入（T3）与较低的 SCH 患病率显著相关（OR=0.28，CI=0.15-0.54，<0.001）。亚组分析显示，男性的保护作用更为明显，中等（T2，OR=0.45，CI=0.23-0.87，=0.020）和高（T3，OR=0.19，CI=0.09-0.39，<0.001）膳食维生素 E 摄入与较低的 SCH 患病率相关。此外，中等（T2，OR=0.59，CI=0.37-0.93，=0.024）和高（T3，OR=0.52，CI=0.36-0.75，<0.001）膳食维生素 E 摄入与男性自身免疫性甲状腺炎（AIT）的患病率较低相关。然而，在女性中没有观察到显著关联。 本研究结果表明，男性维生素 E 摄入量较高与 SCH 和自身免疫性甲状腺炎的患病率较低有关。
