Shan Changyao, Li Baishu, Li Li, Liu Qun, Zou Hang, Liu Tao
Institute of Equipment Technology, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. A3, Gaobeidianbeilu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100123, China.
Insects. 2024 Mar 6;15(3):177. doi: 10.3390/insects15030177.
X-ray irradiation and modified atmospheres (MAs) provide eco-friendly, chemical-free methods for pest management. Although a low-oxygen atmospheric treatment improves the performance of some irradiated insects, its influence on the irradiation of quarantine insects and its impacts on pest control efficacy have yet to be investigated. Based on bioassay results, this study employed direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine metabolic profiles of late third-instar larvae under normoxia (CON, Air), hypoxia (95% N + 5% O, HY), super-hypoxia (99.5% N + 0.5% O, Sup-HY), irradiation-alone (116 Gy, IR-alone), hypoxia + irradiation (HY + IR) and super-hypoxia + irradiation (Sup-HY + IR). Our findings reveal that, compared to the IR-alone group, the IR treatment under HY and Sup-HY (HY + IR and Sup-HY + IR) increases the larval pupation of , and weakens the delaying effect of IR on the larval developmental stage. However, these 3 groups further hinder adult emergence under the phytosanitary IR dose of 116 Gy. Moreover, all IR-treated groups, including IR-alone, HY + IR, and Sup-HY + IR, lead to insect death as a coarctate larvae or pupae. Pathway analysis identified changed metabolic pathways across treatment groups. Specifically, changes in lipid metabolism-related pathways were observed: 3 in HY vs. CON, 2 in Sup-HY vs. CON, and 5 each in IR-alone vs. CON, HY + IR vs. CON, and Sup-HY + IR vs. CON. The treatments of IR-alone, HY + IR, and Sup-HY + IR induce comparable modifications in metabolic pathways. However, in the HY + IR, and Sup-HY + IR groups, the third-instar larvae of demonstrate significantly fewer changes. Our research suggests that a low-oxygen environment (HY and Sup-HY) might enhance the radiation tolerance in larvae by stabilizing lipid metabolism pathways at biologically feasible levels. Additionally, our findings indicate that the current phytosanitary IR dose contributes to the effective management of , without being influenced by radioprotective effects. These results hold significant importance for understanding the biological effects of radiation on and for developing IR-specific regulatory guidelines under MA environments.
X射线辐照和气调包装（MAs）为害虫管理提供了环保、无化学物质的方法。尽管低氧大气处理可提高一些经辐照昆虫的性能，但其对检疫性昆虫辐照的影响及其对害虫防治效果的影响尚待研究。基于生物测定结果，本研究采用直接浸入式固相微萃取（DI-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）来测定常氧（CON，空气）、低氧（95%N + 5%O，HY）、超低氧（99.5%N + 0.5%O，Sup-HY）、单独辐照（116 Gy，单独IR）、低氧+辐照（HY + IR）和超低氧+辐照（Sup-HY + IR）条件下末龄三龄幼虫的代谢谱。我们的研究结果表明，与单独IR组相比，在HY和Sup-HY条件下进行IR处理（HY + IR和Sup-HY + IR）可增加幼虫的化蛹率，并减弱IR对幼虫发育阶段的延迟作用。然而，在116 Gy的植物检疫IR剂量下，这3组进一步阻碍成虫羽化。此外，所有经IR处理的组，包括单独IR、HY + IR和Sup-HY + IR，都会导致昆虫以围蛹或蛹的形式死亡。通路分析确定了各处理组间代谢通路的变化。具体而言，观察到脂质代谢相关通路的变化：HY与CON相比有3条，Sup-HY与CON相比有2条，单独IR与CON相比、HY + IR与CON相比以及Sup-HY + IR与CON相比各有5条。单独IR、HY + IR和Sup-HY + IR处理在代谢通路上诱导了类似的变化。然而，在HY + IR和Sup-HY + IR组中，末龄三龄幼虫的变化明显较少。我们的研究表明，低氧环境（HY和Sup-HY）可能通过将脂质代谢通路稳定在生物学可行水平来增强幼虫的辐射耐受性。此外，我们的研究结果表明，当前的植物检疫IR剂量有助于对[昆虫名称未给出]进行有效管理，而不受辐射防护效应的影响。这些结果对于理解辐射对[昆虫名称未给出]的生物学效应以及制定气调环境下特定于IR的监管指南具有重要意义。
