Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Mar Drugs. 2024 Mar 20;22(3):136. doi: 10.3390/md22030136.
Recent studies have elucidated the diversity of genes encoding venom in . However, most of those genes are yet to be explored in an evolutionary context. Insulin is a common peptide across metazoans and has been coopted into a predatory venom in many venomous lineages. In this study, we focus on the diversity of insulin-derived venoms in and on elucidating their evolutionary history. We sourced data for 34 species of and found sequences belonging to two venom families which have Insulin PFAM annotations. Our findings show that both families have undergone duplication events. Members of each of the independently evolving clades have consistent predicted protein structures and distinct dN/dS values. Our work also shows that sequences allied with VP302 are part of a multidomain venom contig and have experienced a secondary gain into the venom system of cuticulate .
最近的研究阐明了编码毒液的基因在 中的多样性。然而，这些基因中的大多数尚未在进化背景下进行探索。胰岛素是后生动物中的一种常见肽，在许多有毒谱系中已被纳入到掠夺性毒液中。在这项研究中，我们专注于 中胰岛素衍生毒液的多样性，并阐明其进化历史。我们为 34 种 物种获取了数据，并发现了属于具有胰岛素 PFAM 注释的两种毒液家族的序列。我们的研究结果表明，这两个家族都经历了重复事件。每个独立进化分支的成员都具有一致的预测蛋白结构和不同的 dN/dS 值。我们的工作还表明，与 VP302 相关的序列是多结构域毒液片段的一部分，并经历了二次获得进入节肢动物毒液系统。
