Onizawa Emily, Jenkins Cheryl
NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
Pathogens. 2024 Mar 15;13(3):253. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13030253.
For over a decade, bovine anaemia caused by Ikeda has been a significant disease in the Australian cattle industry. In this study, we conducted a spatial and temporal analysis of theileriosis in Australia using historic data from submissions to the New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI) from 2006 to 2022, where herd history, clinical signs, and PCR results were available. Since the first detections of bovine theileriosis in the Sydney area in 2006, the disease spread north- and southward and is now endemic to the southeast coast of Australia, closely mirroring the distribution of the principal vector Across all years, the prevalence of the Ikeda genotype was 88%, while the prevalence of the benign Chitose and Buffeli genotypes was 55% and 38%, respectively. The majority of submissions were from beef cattle in coastal NSW, with anaemia, fever, jaundice, abortion, and lethargy the most frequently reported clinical signs. Transportation was identified as the major risk factor for disease. Until 2015, the majority of cases were reported in adult cattle, while in later years, calves made up the majority of cases, most likely due to the widespread acquisition of immunity in adults. Calves were significantly more likely to present with diarrhoea, lethargy, and anaemia, and to suffer mortality, while adults were significantly more likely to present with jaundice. Instances of abortion were observed to be significantly associated with beef cattle. The relationship between the level of parasitaemia and anaemia revealed a strong negative correlation for all animals examined.
十多年来，由池田氏（Theileria ikeda）引起的牛贫血症一直是澳大利亚养牛业的一种重要疾病。在本研究中，我们利用2006年至2022年向新南威尔士州初级产业部（NSW DPI）提交的历史数据，对澳大利亚的泰勒虫病进行了时空分析，这些数据包含畜群病史、临床症状和PCR结果。自2006年在悉尼地区首次检测到牛泰勒虫病以来，该病已向北和向南蔓延，现在澳大利亚东南海岸呈地方流行，这与主要传播媒介的分布密切相关。在所有年份中，池田氏基因型的患病率为88%，而良性千岁型和布氏泰勒虫基因型的患病率分别为55%和38%。大多数提交的数据来自新南威尔士州沿海的肉牛，贫血、发热、黄疸、流产和嗜睡是最常报告的临床症状。运输被确定为疾病的主要风险因素。直到2015年，大多数病例报告发生在成年牛中，而在后来的年份里，犊牛占病例的大多数，这很可能是由于成年牛广泛获得了免疫力。犊牛出现腹泻、嗜睡和贫血以及死亡的可能性显著更高，而成年牛出现黄疸的可能性显著更高。观察到流产病例与肉牛显著相关。在所检查的所有动物中，寄生虫血症水平与贫血之间的关系显示出强烈的负相关。
