Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 159163-4311, Tehran, Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
J Mater Chem B. 2024 Apr 17;12(15):3774-3785. doi: 10.1039/d3tb02299d.
The regeneration of bone defects that exceed 2 cm is a challenge for the human body, necessitating interventional therapies. Demineralized bone matrices (DBM) derived from biological tissues have been employed for bone regeneration and possess notable osteoinductive and osteoconductive characteristics. Nevertheless, their efficiency in regenerating critically sized injuries is limited, and therefore additional signaling cues are required. Thanks to the piezoelectric properties of the bone, external physical stimulation is shown to accelerate tissue healing. We have implanted human DBM in critically sized cranial bone defects in rat animal models and exposed them to an external magnetic field (1 T) to enhance endogenous bone formation. Our experiments showed the superior cytocompatibility of DBM compared to cell culture plates. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity after 14 days and Alizarin red staining at 28 days demonstrated differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into bone lineage on DBM. Computer tomography images together with histological analyses showed that implanting DBM in the injured rats significantly enhanced bone regeneration. Notably, combining DBM transplantation with a 2 h daily exposure to a 1 T magnetic field for 2 weeks (day 7 to 21 post-surgery) significantly improved bone regeneration compared to DBM transplantation alone. This research indicates that utilizing external magnetic stimulation significantly enhances the potential of bone allografts to regenerate critically sized bone defects.
骨缺损超过 2 厘米的再生对人体来说是一个挑战，需要介入治疗。从生物组织中提取的脱矿骨基质 (DBM) 已被用于骨再生，具有显著的成骨诱导和骨传导特性。然而，它们在再生临界尺寸损伤方面的效率有限，因此需要额外的信号提示。由于骨骼的压电特性，外部物理刺激被证明可以加速组织愈合。我们将人源 DBM 植入大鼠动物模型的临界尺寸颅骨缺损中，并对其施加外部磁场（1 T）以增强内源性骨形成。我们的实验表明 DBM 比细胞培养板具有更高的细胞相容性。此外，第 14 天碱性磷酸酶活性和第 28 天茜素红染色显示大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞在 DBM 上向成骨谱系分化。计算机断层扫描图像和组织学分析表明，将 DBM 植入受伤大鼠中可显著促进骨再生。值得注意的是，与单独 DBM 移植相比，将 DBM 移植与每天 2 小时、2 周（术后第 7 天至 21 天）的 1 T 磁场暴露相结合可显著改善骨再生。这项研究表明，利用外部磁场刺激可显著提高同种异体骨移植物再生临界尺寸骨缺损的潜力。
