Pujo Jean Marc, Simon Yann, Lontsi Ngoulla Guy Roger, Signaté Boubacar, Mutricy Rémi, Frémery Alexis, Burin Antoine, Toffol Bertrand de, Ben Amara Ibtissem, Houcke Stephanie, Nasri Amina, Resiere Dabor, Kallel Hatem
Emergency Department, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana.
Tropical Biome and Immunopathology CNRS UMR-9017, Inserm U 1019, Université de Guyane, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana.
Toxics. 2024 Mar 5;12(3):200. doi: 10.3390/toxics12030200.
Acute poisonings (AP) are a significant public health problem, accounting for a high number of emergency department visits and thousands of deaths worldwide. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of AP in an adult population admitted to Cayenne Hospital (French Guiana) and to investigate the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics.
We conducted a monocentric retrospective study from January 2010 to December 2022, including patients over eighteen years of age who had been admitted to the emergency department of Cayenne Hospital for acute poisoning.
We included 425 patients. The median age was 34 years (IQR: 25-47). The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.52. A psychiatric disorder was found in 41.9% of patients. The Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) on admission was 1 or 2 for 84% of patients, and the mortality rate was 3.9%. The main involved toxicants were psychotropic drugs (43.1%), benzodiazepines (34.8%), and paracetamol (25.6%). The most lethal toxic was paraquat (5.2%). Intoxication was due to intentional self-poisoning in 84.2% of cases. Independent factors associated with severe poisoning (PSS 3 or 4) were chloroquine, neuroleptics, or paraquat poisoning; metabolic acidosis; and hyperglycemia (>5.5 mmol/L). The mortality rate was 3.9%, and the most involved toxic in death was paraquat.
This study shows the frequent and deadly use of paraquat in APs in French Guiana. Urgent attention should be given to establishing a toxicovigilance monitoring framework and an antipoison center in the region.
急性中毒（AP）是一个重大的公共卫生问题，在全球范围内导致大量急诊就诊和数千人死亡。本研究旨在评估卡宴医院（法属圭亚那）收治的成年人群中急性中毒的流行病学情况，并调查其临床和社会人口学特征。
我们进行了一项单中心回顾性研究，时间跨度为2010年1月至2022年12月，纳入了因急性中毒入住卡宴医院急诊科的18岁以上患者。
我们纳入了425例患者。中位年龄为34岁（四分位间距：25 - 47岁）。性别比（男/女）为0.52。41.9%的患者存在精神障碍。入院时84%的患者中毒严重程度评分（PSS）为1或2，死亡率为3.9%。主要涉及的毒物为精神药物（43.1%）、苯二氮䓬类药物（34.8%）和对乙酰氨基酚（25.6%）。最致命的毒物是百草枯（5.2%）。84.2%的中毒病例是由于故意自我中毒。与严重中毒（PSS 3或4）相关的独立因素包括氯喹、抗精神病药物或百草枯中毒；代谢性酸中毒；以及高血糖（>5.5 mmol/L）。死亡率为3.9%，死亡中涉及最多的毒物是百草枯。
本研究表明在法属圭亚那急性中毒中百草枯的使用频繁且致命。该地区应迫切关注建立毒物警戒监测框架和抗中毒中心。
