Fernández-Galván Luis Miguel, Belando-Pedreño Noelia, Yañez-Araque Benito, Sánchez-Infante Jorge
Faculty of Sport Science, Jaime I University, 12006 Castellon de la Plana, Spain.
Health and Sport Sciences University School (EUSES), Rovira i Virgili University, 43002 Amposta, Spain.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Feb 25;14(3):181. doi: 10.3390/bs14030181.
Annual age grouping is a common organizational strategy in academics and sports. This strategy could promote the relative effects of age, which refers to the (dis)advantages that subjects who were born in the first or last months of the year may suffer. The consequences could be minimized, resulting in better physical and/or academic results. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the quarter of birth and examine the correlation between physical condition variables and academic performance. The sample included 79 students (51.90% females) 13.46 ± 0.21 years old in the second year of Obligatory Secondary Education. The physical variables of this study were explosive power, cardiorespiratory capacity, speed, flexibility, and muscle strength. They were evaluated using the horizontal jump tests, Cooper test, 50 m sprint, sit-and-reach test, and medicine ball exercises, respectively. The academic variables were obtained from the average academic grade, grouped by key competencies. An Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for gender, body mass, and height, revealed significant differences between male students born in the first quarter compared to those born in subsequent quarters in all physical condition variables (except for cardiorespiratory capacity). For female students, significant differences were observed only in the explosive power variable. No statistically significant intra-sex differences were evident in academic performance at any time of measurement. Additionally, moderate to large correlations were found in the physical condition and academic variables. It is concluded in relation to the need to implement diverse strategies regarding the process of developing physical conditions in adolescence that satisfy the growth needs of students based on age and sex.
按年龄分组是学术和体育领域常见的组织策略。这种策略可能会放大年龄的相对影响，即出生在一年中第一个月或最后一个月的人可能面临的（不）利因素。其后果可以降到最低，从而带来更好的身体和/或学业成绩。本研究的目的是评估出生季度的影响，并检验身体状况变量与学业成绩之间的相关性。样本包括79名义务教育二年级学生，年龄为13.46 ± 0.21岁，其中女生占51.90%。本研究的身体变量包括爆发力、心肺功能、速度、柔韧性和肌肉力量。分别通过立定跳远测试、库珀测试、50米短跑、坐位体前屈测试和实心球练习对这些变量进行评估。学业变量来自按关键能力分组的平均学业成绩。在控制了性别、体重和身高的协方差分析（ANCOVA）中，第一季度出生的男学生与后几个季度出生的男学生相比，在所有身体状况变量（心肺功能除外）上均存在显著差异。对于女学生，仅在爆发力变量上观察到显著差异。在任何测量时间，学业成绩在性别内部均未发现统计学上的显著差异。此外，身体状况变量与学业变量之间存在中度到高度的相关性。关于在青少年身体状况发展过程中实施多样化策略的必要性，得出的结论是，这些策略应根据年龄和性别满足学生的成长需求。
