Nanotechnology-enabled pesticide delivery systems have been widely studied and show great prospects in modern agriculture. Nanodelivery systems not only achieve the controlled release of agrochemicals but also possess many unique characteristics. This study presents the development of a pH-responsive pesticide nanoformulation utilizing hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) as a nanocarrier. The nanocarrier was loaded with the photosensitive pesticide prochloraz (Pro) and then combined with ZnO quantum dots (ZnO QDs) through electrostatic interactions. ZnO QDs serve as both the pH-responsive gatekeeper and the enhancer of the pesticide. The results demonstrate that the prepared nanopesticide exhibits high loading efficiency (24.96%) for Pro. Compared with Pro technical, the degradation rate of Pro loaded in HMSNs@Pro@ZnO QDs was reduced by 26.4% after 24 h ultraviolet (UV) exposure, indicating clearly improved photostability. In a weak acidic environment (pH 5.0), the accumulated release of the nanopesticide after 48 h was 2.67-fold higher than that in a neutral environment. This indicates the excellent pH-responsive characteristic of the nanopesticide. The tracking experiments revealed that HMSNs can be absorbed by rice leaves and subsequently transported to other tissues, indicating their potential for effective systemic distribution and targeted delivery. Furthermore, the bioactivity assays confirmed the fungicidal efficacy of the nanopesticide against rice blast disease. Therefore, the constructed nanopesticide holds great prospect in nanoenabled agriculture, offering a novel strategy to enhance pesticide utilization.