Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 14;25(6):3288. doi: 10.3390/ijms25063288.
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), or thyroid eye disease (TED), is the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). Inflammation and subsequent aberrant tissue remodeling with fibrosis are important pathogenesis. There are many proposed mechanisms and molecular pathways contributing to tissue remodeling and fibrosis in GO, including adipogenesis, fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblasts differentiation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, hyaluronan (HA) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) accumulation in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and new concepts of epigenetics modification, such as histone modification, DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and gut microbiome. This review summarizes the current understanding of ECM proteins and associated tissue remodeling in the pathogenesis and potential mediators for the treatment of GO.
格雷夫斯眼病（GO），又称甲状腺眼病（TED），是格雷夫斯病（GD）最常见的甲状腺外表现。炎症和随后的异常组织重塑伴纤维化是重要的发病机制。有许多被提出的机制和分子途径有助于 GO 中的组织重塑和纤维化，包括脂肪生成、成纤维细胞增殖和肌成纤维细胞分化、氧化应激、内质网（ER）应激、细胞外基质（ECM）中透明质酸（HA）和糖胺聚糖（GAGs）的积累以及表观遗传修饰的新概念，如组蛋白修饰、DNA 甲基化、非编码 RNA 和肠道微生物组。这篇综述总结了目前对 ECM 蛋白及其在 GO 发病机制中的相关组织重塑以及潜在治疗介质的理解。
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