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迈向新冠病毒样颗粒疫苗:以核心蛋白(HBc)/G作为新冠病毒刺突蛋白受体结合基序(RBM)和核衣壳蛋白衍生肽的载体

Toward a SARS-CoV-2 VLP Vaccine: HBc/G as a Carrier for SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBM and Nucleocapsid Protein-Derived Peptides.

作者信息

Petrovskis Ivars, Skrastina Dace, Jansons Juris, Dislers Andris, Bogans Janis, Spunde Karina, Neprjakhina Anastasija, Zakova Jelena, Zajakina Anna, Sominskaya Irina

机构信息

Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia.

出版信息

Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Mar 4;12(3):267. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12030267.

Abstract

Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer an attractive possibility for the development of vaccines. Recombinant core antigen (HBc) of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was expressed in different systems, and the expression system was shown to be effective for the production of HBc VLPs. Here, we used HBc of the HBV genotype G (HBc/G) as a technologically promising VLP carrier for the presentation of spike RBM and nucleocapsid protein-derived peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant for subsequent immunological evaluations of obtained fusion proteins. The major immunodominant region (MIR) of the HBc/G protein was modified through the insertion of a receptor binding motif (RBM) from the S protein or B-cell epitope-containing peptide from the N protein. The C-terminus of the two truncated HBc/G proteins was used for the insertion of a group of five cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes from the N protein. After expression in , the MIR-derived proteins were found to be insoluble and were recovered through step-wise solubilization with urea, followed by refolding. Despite the lack of correct VLPs, the chimeric proteins induced high levels of antibodies in BALB/c mice. These antibodies specifically recognized either eukaryotically expressed hRBD or bacterially expressed N protein (2-220) of SARS-CoV-2. CTL-epitope-containing proteins were purified as VLPs. The production of cytokines was analyzed through flow cytometry after stimulation of T-cells with target CTL peptides. Only a protein with a deleted polyarginine (PA) domain was able to induce the specific activation of T-cells. At the same time, the T-cell response against the carrier HBc/G protein was detected for both proteins. The neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped murine retrovirus with anti-HBc/G-RBM sera was found to be low.

摘要

病毒样颗粒(VLPs)为疫苗开发提供了一种有吸引力的可能性。乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的重组核心抗原(HBc)在不同系统中表达,且该表达系统被证明对生产HBc VLPs有效。在此,我们使用HBV基因型G的HBc(HBc/G)作为一种具有技术前景的VLP载体,用于展示严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)Delta变异株的刺突受体结合基序(RBM)和核衣壳蛋白衍生肽,以便对获得的融合蛋白进行后续免疫评估。通过插入来自S蛋白的受体结合基序(RBM)或来自N蛋白的含B细胞表位的肽,对HBc/G蛋白的主要免疫显性区域(MIR)进行了修饰。两种截短的HBc/G蛋白的C末端用于插入一组来自N蛋白的五个细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)表位。在[具体表达系统未给出]中表达后,发现MIR衍生蛋白不溶,通过用尿素逐步溶解,随后复性来回收。尽管缺乏正确的VLPs,但嵌合蛋白在BALB/c小鼠中诱导了高水平的抗体。这些抗体特异性识别真核表达的人RBD或SARS-CoV-2的细菌表达的N蛋白(2 - 220)。含CTL表位的蛋白被纯化为VLPs。在用靶CTL肽刺激T细胞后,通过流式细胞术分析细胞因子的产生。只有一种缺失多聚精氨酸(PA)结构域的蛋白能够诱导T细胞的特异性激活。同时,两种蛋白均检测到针对载体HBc/G蛋白的T细胞反应。发现抗HBc/G - RBM血清对SARS-CoV-2假型化鼠逆转录病毒的中和作用较低。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7993/10974900/796acb632d25/vaccines-12-00267-g001.jpg

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