Chen Mengfei, Venturi Vanessa, Munier C Mee Ling
The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Jul 22;12(7):1035. doi: 10.3390/biology12071035.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a crucial role in effectively reducing COVID-19 disease severity, with a new generation of vaccines that use messenger RNA (mRNA) technology being administered globally. Neutralizing antibodies have featured as the heroes of vaccine-induced immunity. However, vaccine-elicited CD8 T cells may have a significant impact on the early protective effects of the mRNA vaccine, which are evident 12 days after initial vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD8 T cells have been shown to respond to multiple epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 and exhibit polyfunctionality in the periphery at the early stage, even when neutralizing antibodies are scarce. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce diverse subsets of memory CD8 T cells that persist for more than six months following vaccination. However, the protective role of CD8 T cells in response to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines remains a topic of debate. In addition, our understanding of CD8 T cells in response to vaccination in the lymph nodes, where they first encounter antigen, is still limited. This review delves into the current knowledge regarding the protective role of polyfunctional CD8 T cells in controlling the virus, the response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, and the contribution to supporting B cell activity and promoting immune protection in the lymph nodes.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗在有效降低新冠肺炎疾病严重程度方面发挥了关键作用，新一代使用信使核糖核酸（mRNA）技术的疫苗正在全球范围内接种。中和抗体一直是疫苗诱导免疫的关键因素。然而，疫苗诱导的CD8 T细胞可能对mRNA疫苗的早期保护作用有重大影响，这种作用在初次接种疫苗12天后就很明显。疫苗诱导的CD8 T细胞已被证明对SARS-CoV-2的多个表位有反应，并在早期在外周表现出多功能性，即使中和抗体很少。此外，SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗诱导多种记忆CD8 T细胞亚群，这些亚群在接种疫苗后持续存在超过六个月。然而，CD8 T细胞对SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗的保护作用仍然是一个有争议的话题。此外，我们对CD8 T细胞在淋巴结中（它们首次遇到抗原的地方）对疫苗接种的反应的了解仍然有限。本综述深入探讨了关于多功能CD8 T细胞在控制病毒方面的保护作用、对SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗的反应以及在支持B细胞活性和促进淋巴结免疫保护方面的贡献的现有知识。
