Mockeliunas Laurynas, van Wijk Rob C, Upton Caryn M, Peter Jonathan, Diacon Andreas H, Simonsson Ulrika S H
Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
TASK, Cape Town 7500, South Africa.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Mar 19;12(3):329. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12030329.
(1) Background: Some individuals are more susceptible to developing respiratory tract infections (RTIs) or coronavirus disease (COVID-19) than others. The aim of this work was to identify risk factors for symptomatic RTIs including COVID-19 and symptomatic COVID-19 during the coronavirus pandemic by using infection incidence, participant baseline, and regional COVID-19 burden data. (2) Methods: Data from a prospective study of 1000 frontline healthcare workers randomized to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination or placebo, and followed for one year, was analyzed. Parametric time-to-event analysis was performed to identify the risk factors associated with (a) non-specific symptomatic respiratory tract infections including COVID-19 (RTIs+COVID-19) and (b) symptomatic RTIs confirmed as COVID-19 using a polymerase chain reaction or antigen test (COVID-19). (3) Results: Job description of doctor or nurse (median hazard ratio [HR] 1.541 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.299-1.822), the reported COVID-19 burden (median HR 1.361 and 95% CI 1.260-1.469 for 1.4 COVID-19 cases per 10,000 capita), or a BMI > 30 kg/m (median HR 1.238 and 95% CI 1.132-1.336 for BMI of 35.4 kg/m) increased the probability of RTIs+COVID-19, while positive SARS-CoV-2 serology at enrollment (median HR 0.583 and 95% CI 0.449-0.764) had the opposite effect. The reported COVID-19 burden (median HR 2.372 and 95% CI 2.116-2.662 for 1.4 COVID-19 cases per 10,000 capita) and a job description of doctor or nurse (median HR 1.679 and 95% CI 1.253-2.256) increased the probability of developing COVID-19, while smoking (median HR 0.428 and 95% CI 0.284-0.648) and positive SARS-CoV-2 serology at enrollment (median HR 0.076 and 95% CI 0.026-0.212) decreased it. (4) Conclusions: Nurses and doctors with obesity had the highest probability of developing RTIs including COVID-19. Non-smoking nurses and doctors had the highest probability of developing COVID-19 specifically. The reported COVID-19 burden increased the event probability, while positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG serology at enrollment decreased the probability of RTIs including COVID-19, and COVID-19 specifically.
（1）背景：相较于其他人，一些个体更易发生呼吸道感染（RTIs）或冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。本研究旨在通过感染发病率、参与者基线数据以及地区COVID-19负担数据，确定在冠状病毒大流行期间有症状的RTIs（包括COVID-19）和有症状的COVID-19的风险因素。（2）方法：分析了一项前瞻性研究的数据，该研究将1000名一线医护人员随机分为卡介苗接种组或安慰剂组，并随访一年。采用参数化事件发生时间分析来确定与以下情况相关的风险因素：（a）包括COVID-19在内的非特异性有症状呼吸道感染（RTIs+COVID-19）；（b）使用聚合酶链反应或抗原检测确诊为COVID-19的有症状RTIs（COVID-19）。（3）结果：医生或护士的工作岗位（中位风险比[HR]1.541，95%置信区间[CI]1.299 - 1.822）、报告的COVID-19负担（每10000人中有1.4例COVID-19病例时，中位HR 1.361，95%CI 1.260 - 1.469）或BMI>30kg/m²（BMI为35.
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