Kisiel Marta A, Zhou Xingwu, Björnsson Eythor, Holm Mathias, Dahlman-Höglund Anna, Wang Juan, Svanes Cecilie, Norbäck Dan, Franklin Karl A, Malinovschi Andrei, Johannessen Ane, Schlünssen Vivi, Janson Christer
Dept of Medical Sciences: Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Dept of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
ERJ Open Res. 2021 Nov 29;7(4). doi: 10.1183/23120541.00429-2021. eCollection 2021 Oct.
The aim of this study was to investigate occupational, environmental, early life and other risk factors associated with respiratory infections and antibiotics use in a general population and among asthmatic individuals.
This study included 15 842 participants of the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study aged 25-54 years from five Nordic countries, who answered a questionnaire covering respiratory outcomes, exposures, demographic characteristics and numbers of infections and courses of antibiotics in the last 12 months. Multiple logistic regression with and without adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index and centre were used to study the risk of infection and antibiotics in relation to asthma, and also the association between infection and antibiotics and occupations.
In the whole population, 11.6% reported having three or more respiratory infections, and 14.7% had used antibiotics because of respiratory tract infections within the last year. Asthmatic participants reported tripled odds for such infections (adjusted OR 2.98, 95% CI 2.53-3.52) and antibiotics use (adjusted OR 3.67, 95% CI 3.18-4.24) as compared to non-asthmatic participants. Both in the general and the asthmatic population, female sex, obesity and exposure to building dampness were associated with respiratory infections. Female sex and current smoking and living in Tartu were associated with antibiotic use. The use of antibiotics was doubled in people hospitalised for severe respiratory infection in childhood.
In this study we identified several factors associated with increased respiratory infections and use of antibiotics in a general population and among asthmatic individuals. The frequency of respiratory infections and subsequent antibiotic treatment were increased among those with asthma.
本研究旨在调查普通人群及哮喘患者中与呼吸道感染和抗生素使用相关的职业、环境、早期生活及其他风险因素。
本研究纳入了来自北欧五个国家的15842名年龄在25至54岁之间的北欧呼吸健康（RHINE）研究参与者，他们回答了一份涵盖呼吸道结局、暴露因素、人口统计学特征以及过去12个月内感染次数和抗生素疗程的问卷。采用多因素logistic回归分析，分别在调整和未调整年龄、性别、吸烟状况、体重指数和研究中心的情况下，研究哮喘与感染及抗生素使用风险的关系，以及感染和抗生素与职业之间的关联。
在整个人口中，11.6%的人报告有三次或更多次呼吸道感染，14.7%的人在过去一年因呼吸道感染使用过抗生素。与非哮喘参与者相比，哮喘参与者报告此类感染（调整后的比值比为2.98，95%置信区间为2.53 - 3.52）和抗生素使用（调整后的比值比为3.67，95%置信区间为3.18 - 4.24）的几率增加了两倍。在普通人群和哮喘人群中，女性、肥胖以及接触建筑物潮湿环境均与呼吸道感染有关。女性、当前吸烟以及居住在塔尔图与抗生素使用有关。童年时期因严重呼吸道感染住院的人使用抗生素的几率增加了一倍。
在本研究中，我们确定了普通人群及哮喘患者中与呼吸道感染增加和抗生素使用相关的几个因素。哮喘患者的呼吸道感染频率及随后的抗生素治疗增加。
