Ma Yuting, Gelenbe Erol, Liu Kezhong
Instytut Informatyki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Mar 13;24(6):1850. doi: 10.3390/s24061850.
Cruise ships and other naval vessels include automated Internet of Things (IoT)-based evacuation systems for the passengers and crew to assist them in case of emergencies and accidents. The technical challenges of assisting passengers and crew to safety during emergencies include various aspects such as sensor failures, imperfections in the sound or display systems that are used to direct evacuees, the timely selection of optimum evacuation routes for the evacuees, as well as computation and communication delays that may occur in the IoT infrastructure due to intense activities during an emergency. In addition, during an emergency, the evacuees may be confused or in a panic, and may make mistakes in following the directions offered by the evacuation system. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to analyze the effect of two important aspects that can have an adverse effect on the passengers' evacuation time, namely (a) the computer processing and communication delays, and (b) the errors that may be made by the evacuees in following instructions. The approach we take uses simulation with a representative existing cruise ship model, which dynamically computes the best exit paths for each passenger, with a deadline-driven Adaptive Navigation Strategy (ANS). Our simulation results reveal that delays in the evacuees' reception of instructions can significantly increase the total time needed for passenger evacuation. In contrast, we observe that passenger behavior errors also affect the evacuation duration, but with less effect on the total time needed to evacuate passengers. These findings demonstrate the importance of the design of passenger evacuation systems in a way that takes into account all realistic features of the ship's indoor evacuation environment, including the importance of having high-performance data processing and communication systems that will not result in congestion and communication delays.
游轮和其他海军舰艇包括基于物联网（IoT）的自动化疏散系统，用于在紧急情况和事故发生时协助乘客和船员。在紧急情况下协助乘客和船员安全撤离面临的技术挑战包括多个方面，如传感器故障、用于引导撤离人员的声音或显示系统存在缺陷、为撤离人员及时选择最佳疏散路线，以及由于紧急情况下的高强度活动可能在物联网基础设施中出现的计算和通信延迟。此外，在紧急情况下，撤离人员可能会感到困惑或恐慌，在遵循疏散系统提供的指示时可能会犯错。因此，这项工作的目的是分析两个可能对乘客疏散时间产生不利影响的重要方面的影响，即（a）计算机处理和通信延迟，以及（b）撤离人员在遵循指示时可能出现的错误。我们采用的方法是使用具有代表性的现有游轮模型进行模拟，该模型通过期限驱动的自适应导航策略（ANS）动态计算每个乘客的最佳出口路径。我们的模拟结果表明，撤离人员接收指示的延迟会显著增加乘客疏散所需的总时间。相比之下，我们观察到乘客行为错误也会影响疏散持续时间，但对疏散乘客所需的总时间影响较小。这些发现表明，在设计乘客疏散系统时，考虑船舶室内疏散环境的所有实际特征非常重要，包括拥有高性能数据处理和通信系统以避免拥堵和通信延迟的重要性。
