Li Yang, Zhang Zuolin, Wang Benfu, Zhang Zhisheng, Lin Yiyue, Cheng Jianping
Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Crop Molecular Breeding, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Mar 13;15:1366718. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1366718. eCollection 2024.
Direct seeding ratoon rice (DSRR) system is a planting method that can significantly increase grain yield, improving light and temperature utilization efficiency and reducing labor input. However, the current nitrogen fertilizer management method which does not aim at the seedling emergence and development characteristics of DSRR just is only based on the traditional method of transplanting ratoon rice, and which is not conducive to the population development and yield improvement. To determine the suitable nitrogen fertilizer application optimization, we set four nitrogen fertilizer application treatments (N0, no nitrogen fertilizer; N1, traditional nitrogen fertilizer; N2, transferring 20% of total nitrogen from basal fertilizer to tillering stage; N3, reducing total nitrogen by 10% from N2 tillering fertilizer) on a hybrid rice "Fengliangyouxiang1 (FLYX1)" and an inbred rice "Huanghuazhan (HHZ)" under DSRR. The effects of treatments on dry matter accumulation, root growth and vigor, leaf area index, leaf senescence rate and yield were investigated. Our results demonstrated that the yield of main crop in N2 treatment was the highest, which was 63.3%, 6.6% and 8.8% higher than that of N0, N1 and N3 treatment, respectively, mainly due to the difference of effective panicle and spikelets number per m. The average of two years and varieties, the annual yield of N2 was significant higher than that of N1 and N3 by 4.94% and 8.55%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the annual yields of N1 and N3. N2 treatment had significant effects on the accumulation of aboveground dry matter mass which was no significant difference in 20 days after sowing(DAS), but significant difference in 50 DAS. Meanwhile, the root activity and the leaf senescence rate of N2 treatment was significant lower than that of other treatments. In summary, "20% of total nitrogen was transferred from basal fertilizer to tillering stage" can improve the annual yield and main crop development of DSRR system. Further reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizer may significantly improve the production efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the planting income in DSRR system.
直播再生稻（DSRR）系统是一种能显著提高粮食产量、提高光温利用效率并减少劳动力投入的种植方法。然而，当前的氮肥管理方法并非针对直播再生稻的出苗和发育特性，而只是基于传统的移栽再生稻方法，这不利于群体发育和产量提高。为确定适宜的氮肥施用优化方案，我们在直播再生稻条件下，对杂交水稻“丰两优香1号（FLYX1）”和常规水稻“黄花占（HHZ）”设置了四种氮肥施用处理（N0，不施氮肥；N1，传统氮肥；N2，将总氮的20%从基肥转移至分蘖期；N3，在N2分蘖肥基础上，将总氮减少10%）。研究了各处理对干物质积累、根系生长与活力、叶面积指数、叶片衰老速率和产量的影响。我们的结果表明，N2处理的主季作物产量最高，分别比N0、N1和N3处理高出63.3%、6.6%和8.8%，主要原因是每平方米有效穗数和小穗数的差异。两年和两个品种的平均值显示，N2的年产量分别比N1和N3显著高出4.94%和8.55%。然而，N1和N3的年产量之间没有显著差异。N2处理对地上部干物质质量的积累有显著影响，播种后20天（DAS）无显著差异，但在50 DAS时有显著差异。同时，N2处理的根系活力和叶片衰老速率显著低于其他处理。综上所述，“将总氮的20%从基肥转移至分蘖期”可提高直播再生稻系统的年产量和主季作物发育。进一步减少氮肥用量可能显著提高氮肥生产效率并增加直播再生稻系统的种植收益。
