Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, IIT, Delhi 110016, India.
Biophys Chem. 2024 Jun;309:107218. doi: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107218. Epub 2024 Mar 21.
Nucleic acid aptamers have captivated the attention of analytical and medicinal scientists globally due to their several advantages as recognition molecules over conventional antibodies because of their small size, simple and inexpensive synthesis, broad target range, and high stability in varied environmental conditions. These recognition molecules can be chemically modified to make them resistant to nuclease action in blood serum, reduce rapid renel clearance, improve the target affinity and selectivity, and make them amenable to chemically conjugate with a support system that facilitates their selective applications. This review focuses on the development of efficient aptamer candidates and their application in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic applications. Significant advances have been made in aptamer-based diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Collaterally, the progress made in therapeutic applications of aptamers is encouraging, as evident from their use in diagnosing cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, microbial infection, and in imaging. This review also updates the progress on clinical trials of many aptamer-based products of commercial interests. The key development and critical issues on the subject have been summarized in the concluding remarks.
核酸适体作为识别分子，与传统抗体相比具有体积小、合成简单且成本低、靶标范围广、在各种环境条件下稳定性高等优点，因此引起了全球分析和医学科学家的关注。这些识别分子可以进行化学修饰，使其在血清中抵抗核酸酶的作用，减少快速肾清除，提高靶标亲和力和选择性，并使其能够与支持系统化学结合，从而便于其选择性应用。本文重点介绍了高效适体候选物的开发及其在临床诊断和治疗应用中的应用。在基于适体的传染病和非传染性疾病诊断方面取得了重大进展。此外，适体在治疗应用方面的进展也令人鼓舞，例如在癌症、神经退行性疾病、微生物感染和成像方面的应用。本文还更新了许多具有商业利益的基于适体的产品的临床试验进展。在结论中总结了该主题的关键发展和关键问题。
