Toronto Metropolitan University, Faculty of Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Speech Pathology Department, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2024 Aug;12(8):1989-1996. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.03.033. Epub 2024 Mar 26.
Wildfires, including forest fires, bushfires, and landscape fires, have become increasingly prevalent, fueled by climate change and environmental factors and posing significant challenges to both ecosystems and public health. This review article examines the relationship between wildfires and respiratory diseases in outdoor workers, with a main focus on airway disease. In addition to the expected effects of direct thermal respiratory injuries and possible carbon monoxide poisoning, there are associations between wildfires and upper and lower respiratory effects, including infections as well as exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A few studies have also shown an increased risk of new-onset asthma among wildfire firefighters. Outdoor workers are likely to have greater exposure to wildfire smoke with associated increased risks of adverse effects. As wildfires become increasingly prevalent globally, it is crucial to understand the various dimensions of this association. Furthermore, this review addresses preventive measures and potential interventions to alleviate the airway burden on individuals during and after work with wildfires events.
野火（包括森林火灾、灌木火灾和景观火灾）越来越普遍，其主要原因是气候变化和环境因素，这对生态系统和公共健康都构成了重大挑战。本文综述了野火与户外工作者呼吸道疾病之间的关系，主要关注气道疾病。除了直接热呼吸损伤和可能的一氧化碳中毒的预期影响外，野火还与上呼吸道和下呼吸道影响有关，包括感染以及哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的恶化。一些研究还表明，野火消防员新发哮喘的风险增加。户外工作者可能会更多地接触野火烟雾，从而增加不良影响的风险。随着野火在全球范围内日益普遍，了解这种关联的各个方面至关重要。此外，本综述还讨论了预防措施和潜在干预措施，以减轻在野火事件期间和之后工作对个体气道的负担。
