Department of Geography.
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Earth Lab, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2019 Mar;25(2):179-187. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000552.
In this review, we describe the current status of the literature regarding respiratory health related to wildfire smoke exposure, anticipated future impacts under a changing climate, and strategies to reduce respiratory health impacts of wildfire smoke.
Recent findings confirm associations between wildfire smoke exposure and respiratory health outcomes, with the clearest evidence for exacerbations of asthma. Although previous evidence showed a clear association between wildfire smoke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, findings from recent studies are more mixed. Current evidence in support of an association between respiratory infections and wildfire smoke exposure is also mixed. Only one study has investigated long-term respiratory health impacts of wildfire smoke, and few studies have estimated future health impacts of wildfires under likely climate change scenarios.
Wildfire activity has been increasing over the past several decades and is likely to continue to do so as climate change progresses, which, combined with a growing population, means that population exposure to and respiratory health impacts of wildfire smoke is likely to grow in the future. More research is needed to understand which population subgroups are most vulnerable to wildfire smoke exposure and the long-term respiratory health impacts of these high pollution events.
在这篇综述中，我们描述了有关与野火烟雾暴露相关的呼吸健康的文献现状，在气候变化下预期的未来影响，以及减少野火烟雾对呼吸健康影响的策略。
最近的发现证实了野火烟雾暴露与呼吸健康结果之间的关联，最明确的证据是哮喘恶化。虽然以前的证据表明野火烟雾与慢性阻塞性肺疾病之间存在明显关联，但最近研究的结果更加复杂。目前支持呼吸道感染与野火烟雾暴露之间关联的证据也存在分歧。只有一项研究调查了野火烟雾对长期呼吸健康的影响，而且很少有研究估计在可能的气候变化情景下野火对未来健康的影响。
过去几十年，野火活动一直在增加，随着气候变化的继续，野火活动可能会继续增加，再加上人口不断增长，这意味着未来人口接触野火烟雾的情况以及野火烟雾对呼吸健康的影响可能会增加。需要更多的研究来了解哪些人群最容易受到野火烟雾暴露的影响，以及这些高污染事件对长期呼吸健康的影响。
