Jeyalakshmi K, Devi Elsa S, Rao Mahadev, Shashidhara Y N, Thunga Girish
Department of Community Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
J Educ Health Promot. 2024 Feb 26;13:45. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_793_23. eCollection 2024.
Compliance with diet, exercise regimen, and medication is vital to maintain an acceptable range of blood pressure and glycemic level among elderly with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. However, these are considered to be more challenging tasks among elderly. The aim of this study is to identify dietary and exercise compliance among elderly with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus and to find its influencing factors.
The community-based survey was done in rural areas of five randomly selected clusters of primary health centers (PHC) using PPS sampling technique. After ethical clearance, a total of 360 consented participants residing in selected clusters were interviewed using pre-designed rating scale and questionnaire on dietary and exercise compliance, respectively. In this study, compliance refers to practicing prescribed diet and exercise regimen regularly by the elderly with HTN and T2DM. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.
Eighty percent ( = 287) of study participants had moderate adherence to diet and only, 37.8% ( = 136) of them practice physical exercise. A Chi-square test report confirmed that there is a significant association ( < 0.05) between dietary compliance and level of education, occupation, family income, procurement of insurance, poor memory, multiple functional impairments, duration of hypertensive, and diabetes illness. Exercise compliance is influenced by factors such as gender, level of education, family income, and procurement of insurance ( < 0.05).
Adherence to diet and exercise among elderly with chronic conditions are influenced by various socio-demographic or environmental, poor health or physiological and cognition or psychological factors.
对于患有高血压和糖尿病的老年人来说，遵循饮食、运动方案和药物治疗对于维持可接受的血压和血糖水平至关重要。然而，这些被认为是老年人中更具挑战性的任务。本研究的目的是确定患有高血压和2型糖尿病的老年人的饮食和运动依从性，并找出其影响因素。
采用PPS抽样技术，在五个随机选择的初级卫生保健中心（PHC）集群的农村地区进行基于社区的调查。在获得伦理批准后，分别使用预先设计的评分量表和关于饮食和运动依从性的问卷，对居住在选定集群中的360名同意参与的参与者进行了访谈。在本研究中，依从性是指患有高血压和2型糖尿病的老年人定期遵循规定的饮食和运动方案。使用SPSS 16.0版本对数据进行分析。
80%（n = 287）的研究参与者对饮食有中度依从性，其中只有37.8%（n = 136）进行体育锻炼。卡方检验报告证实，饮食依从性与教育水平、职业、家庭收入、购买保险、记忆力差、多种功能障碍、高血压病程和糖尿病病程之间存在显著关联（P < 0.05）。运动依从性受性别、教育水平、家庭收入和购买保险等因素影响（P < 0.05）。
患有慢性病的老年人对饮食和运动的依从性受各种社会人口统计学或环境、健康状况差或生理以及认知或心理因素的影响。
