Myrow Paul M, Goodge John W, Brock Glenn A, Betts Marissa J, Park Tae-Yoon S, Hughes Nigel C, Gaines Robert R
Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA.
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
Sci Adv. 2024 Mar 29;10(13):eadl3452. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3452.
The Cambrian explosion, one of the most consequential biological revolutions in Earth history, occurred in two phases separated by the Sinsk event, the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic. Trilobite fossil data show that Series 2 strata in the Ross Orogen, Antarctica, and Delamerian Orogen, Australia, record nearly identical and synchronous tectono-sedimentary shifts marking the Sinsk event. These resulted from an abrupt pulse of contractional supracrustal deformation on both continents during the trilobite Zone. The Sinsk event extinction was triggered by initial Ross/Delamerian supracrustal contraction along the edge of Gondwana, which caused a cascading series of geodynamic, paleoenvironmental, and biotic changes, including (i) loss of shallow marine carbonate habitats along the Gondwanan margin; (ii) tectonic transformation to extensional tectonics within the Gondwanan interior; (iii) extrusion of the Kalkarindji large igneous province; (iv) release of large volumes of volcanic gasses; and (v) rapid climatic change, including incursions of marine anoxic waters and collapse of shallow marine ecosystems.
寒武纪大爆发是地球历史上最重要的生物革命之一，它分两个阶段发生，中间隔着辛斯克事件，这是显生宙的第一次重大灭绝事件。三叶虫化石数据表明，南极洲罗斯造山带和澳大利亚德拉梅里安造山带的第2统地层记录了几乎相同且同步的构造 - 沉积变化，这些变化标志着辛斯克事件。这些变化是在三叶虫带期间，两大洲地壳上部发生突然的收缩变形脉冲所致。辛斯克事件引发的灭绝是由冈瓦纳大陆边缘最初的罗斯/德拉梅里安地壳上部收缩引发的，这导致了一系列连锁的地球动力学、古环境和生物变化，包括：（i）冈瓦纳大陆边缘浅海碳酸盐栖息地的丧失；（ii）冈瓦纳大陆内部向伸展构造的构造转变；（iii）卡尔卡林吉大火成岩省的喷出；（iv）大量火山气体的释放；以及（v）快速的气候变化，包括海洋缺氧水的侵入和浅海生态系统的崩溃。
