Ochiya Takahiro, Hashimoto Kazuki, Shimomura Akihiko
Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Center for Future Medical Research, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
Department of Breast Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
Breast Cancer. 2025 Jan;32(1):10-15. doi: 10.1007/s12282-024-01563-9. Epub 2024 Mar 30.
Among the analytes circulating in body fluids, microRNAs, a type of non-coding RNA and known to exist 2655 in primates, have attracted attention as a novel biomarker for cancer screening. MicroRNAs are signaling molecules with important gene expression regulatory functions that can simultaneously control many gene functions and multiple different pathways in living organisms. These microRNAs are transported in extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are lipid bilayers with 50-150 nm in diameter, and are used as communication tools between cells. Furthermore, the EVs that carry these microRNAs circulate in the bloodstream and have other important implications for understanding the pathogenesis and diagnosis of breast cancer. The greatest benefit from cancer screening is the reduction in breast cancer mortality rate through early detection. Other benefits include reduced incidence of breast cancer, improved quality of life, prognosis prediction, contribution to personalized medicine, and relative healthcare cost containment. This paper outlines the latest developments in liquid biopsy for breast cancer, especially focusing on microRNA and EV diagnostics.
在体液中循环的分析物中，微小RNA作为一种非编码RNA，在灵长类动物中已知有2655种，已作为一种新型癌症筛查生物标志物受到关注。微小RNA是具有重要基因表达调控功能的信号分子，可同时控制生物体中的许多基因功能和多种不同途径。这些微小RNA通过细胞外囊泡（EVs）运输，细胞外囊泡是直径为50-150纳米的脂质双层，用作细胞间的通讯工具。此外，携带这些微小RNA的细胞外囊泡在血液中循环，对理解乳腺癌的发病机制和诊断具有其他重要意义。癌症筛查的最大益处是通过早期检测降低乳腺癌死亡率。其他益处包括降低乳腺癌发病率、改善生活质量、预后预测、对个性化医疗的贡献以及相对控制医疗成本。本文概述了乳腺癌液体活检的最新进展，尤其侧重于微小RNA和细胞外囊泡诊断。
