Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-149 J, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Kennedy Krieger Institute, Lab 520, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2024 May;100:39-48. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.03.003. Epub 2024 Mar 29.
Tumor hypoxia plays a crucial role in driving cancer progression and fostering resistance to therapies by contributing significantly to chemoresistance, radioresistance, angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, altered cell metabolism, and genomic instability. Despite the challenges encountered in therapeutically addressing tumor hypoxia with conventional drugs, a noteworthy alternative has emerged through the utilization of anaerobic oncolytic bacteria. These bacteria exhibit a preference for accumulating and proliferating within the hypoxic regions of tumors, where they can initiate robust antitumor effects and immune responses. Through simple genetic manipulation or sophisticated synthetic bioengineering, these bacteria can be further optimized to improve safety and antitumor activities, or they can be combined synergistically with chemotherapies, radiation, or other immunotherapies. In this review, we explore the potential benefits and challenges associated with this innovative anticancer approach, addressing issues related to clinical translation, particularly as several strains have progressed to clinical evaluation.
肿瘤缺氧在推动癌症进展和对治疗产生耐药性方面起着关键作用，主要通过促进化疗耐药性、放疗耐药性、血管生成、侵袭性、转移、细胞代谢改变和基因组不稳定性来实现。尽管在使用传统药物治疗肿瘤缺氧方面存在挑战，但一种值得注意的替代方法已经出现，即利用厌氧溶瘤细菌。这些细菌在肿瘤缺氧区域内积累和增殖，在那里它们可以引发强大的抗肿瘤作用和免疫反应。通过简单的遗传操作或复杂的合成生物工程，这些细菌可以进一步优化以提高安全性和抗肿瘤活性，或者可以与化疗、放疗或其他免疫疗法协同作用。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了这种创新抗癌方法的潜在益处和挑战，解决了与临床转化相关的问题，特别是因为有几个菌株已经进入临床评估。
