Sedova I B, Chalyy Z A, Ivanova U V, Tutelyan V A
Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation.
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Vopr Pitan. 2024;93(1):103-111. doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-103-111. Epub 2024 Jan 19.
Tomatoes and tomato products are widely produced and consumed throughout the world. Alternaria spp. are the main cause of alternariosis (black mold disease) on fresh tomatoes, both in the field and after harvesting. Alternaria toxins are widespread contaminants of tomato products. of the present study was to evaluate the contamination of tomato processing products from the domestic market with Alternaria toxins, as well as to assess their intake by humans through the consumption of tomato juices. . The content of Alternaria toxins (alternatiol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, tentoxin, tenuazonic acid) was determined in 64 samples of tomato products (paste, ketchup, juice) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS). . The priority Alternaria toxins for tomato paste, ketchup and juice were tenuazonic acid (61% of 64 samples, in amounts from 20.0 to 1065.5 μg/kg), altenuene (52%, 8.9-200.1 μg/kg) and alternariol (27%, 12.2-561.6 μg/kg). Samples of tomato paste turned out to be the most contaminated with Alternaria toxins while tomato juice samples were the least contaminated. At the same time, several toxins were found in 91% of tomato paste samples, 35% of ketchups, and 23% of tomato juices. . To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first survey devoted to Alternaria toxins contamination of tomato paste, ketchup and tomato juice sold on the Russian market. The high frequency of their contamination with tenuazonic acid, altenuene and, to a lesser extent, alternariol has been established, which indicates a potential risk to human health when tomato processing products are consumed. This indicates the need for a hygienic assessment of contamination the above products with tenuazonic acid, altenuene and alternariol. When calculating the potential intake of Alternaria toxins for different age population groups, it was shown that high levels of alternariol (up to 56.77 ng/kg body weight per day) could be obtained under daily consumption of tomato juice by adults and children under three years of age, as well as tenuazonic acid when consuming tomato juice contaminated at the 95th percentile level as part of the diet in organized groups for orphans and children without parental care.
番茄及番茄制品在全球广泛生产和消费。链格孢属真菌是新鲜番茄在田间及收获后发生链格孢菌病(黑霉病)的主要病因。链格孢毒素是番茄制品中广泛存在的污染物。本研究旨在评估国内市场上番茄加工产品中链格孢毒素的污染情况,以及通过饮用番茄汁评估人体对其的摄入量。通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定了64份番茄制品(番茄酱、番茄酱、果汁)样本中链格孢毒素(交替菌素、交替菌素单甲醚、细交链孢菌酮酸、展青霉素、细交链格孢菌烯酸)的含量。番茄酱、番茄酱和果汁中优先考虑的链格孢毒素为细交链格孢菌烯酸(64份样本中的61%,含量为20.0至1065.5μg/kg)、细交链孢菌酮酸(52%,8.9 - 200.1μg/kg)和交替菌素(27%,12.2 - 561.6μg/kg)。番茄酱样本被证明受链格孢毒素污染最严重,而番茄汁样本污染最少。同时,在91%的番茄酱样本、35%的番茄酱和23%的番茄汁中发现了几种毒素。据我们所知,本研究是首次针对俄罗斯市场上销售的番茄酱、番茄酱和番茄汁中链格孢毒素污染情况的调查。已确定它们被细交链格孢菌烯酸、细交链孢菌酮酸以及程度较轻的交替菌素污染的频率较高,这表明食用番茄加工产品时对人体健康存在潜在风险。这表明需要对上述产品被细交链格孢菌烯酸、细交链孢菌酮酸和交替菌素污染情况进行卫生评估。在计算不同年龄人群组链格孢毒素的潜在摄入量时发现,成年人和三岁以下儿童每日饮用番茄汁时,可能会摄入高水平的交替菌素(高达每天56.77ng/kg体重),以及在孤儿院和无父母照料儿童的有组织群体饮食中,将处于第95百分位数污染水平的番茄汁作为饮食一部分饮用时,会摄入细交链孢菌酮酸。