Poggi Catalina, Palavecino Martin
General Surgery Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Surg Open Sci. 2024 Mar 11;18:123-128. doi: 10.1016/j.sopen.2024.02.005. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Ultrasound (US) is a fundamental and inexpensive tool both for the prompt diagnosis and for the study of diverse medical conditions. Its widespread use is partly due to the availability of US devices in the daily practice of physicians. US can be performed in real-time and is instrumental in the generation of clinical algorithms for the management of situations like trauma. It also constitutes a primary approach for the study of oncological diseases, and a guidance tool for interventions such as percutaneous drainages. In addition, and specifically for HPB surgeons, US is an essential tool in the operating room: intraoperative (either open or laparoscopic) US is necessary for the accurate determination of the stage, location, number, and margins of tumors within the liver, pancreas, or biliary tree. On another note, reading and understanding US images are skills that require time and training, which should be taught during surgical residencies. However, this is not customary in most residencies globally. This chapter offers a concise yet comprehensive elucidation of the basic principles of ultrasonography, the instruments required to perform an ultrasonic assessment of a patient, and the basic ultrasound controls.
超声（US）是一种用于快速诊断和研究各种医疗状况的基础且廉价的工具。其广泛应用部分归功于超声设备在医生日常实践中的可得性。超声可以实时进行，有助于生成针对创伤等情况的临床管理算法。它也是研究肿瘤疾病的主要方法，以及诸如经皮引流等干预措施的引导工具。此外，特别是对于肝脏、胰腺和胆管外科医生而言，超声在手术室中是一种必不可少的工具：术中（无论是开放手术还是腹腔镜手术）超声对于准确确定肝脏、胰腺或胆管树内肿瘤的分期、位置、数量和边界是必要的。另一方面，解读和理解超声图像是需要时间和培训的技能，应在外科住院医师培训期间进行教授。然而，在全球大多数住院医师培训中并非惯例。本章简要而全面地阐述了超声检查的基本原理、对患者进行超声评估所需的仪器以及基本的超声控制。
