智利法律未能允许合法堕胎。
Failure of the Law to Grant Access to Legal Abortion in Chile.
作者信息
Suárez-Baquero Daniel F M, Dzuba Ilana G, Romero Mariana, Baba C Finley, Biggs M Antonia
机构信息
Department of Child, Family, and Population Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Postdoctoral Fellow ACTIONS Program, Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
出版信息
Health Equity. 2024 Mar 20;8(1):189-197. doi: 10.1089/heq.2023.0050. eCollection 2024.
INTRODUCTION
In 2017, Chile decriminalized abortion on three grounds: (i) if the pregnant person's life is at risk, (ii) fetal nonviability, and (iii) rape or incest. This multicase study explores the experiences of pregnant people legally entitled to but denied access to legal abortion in Chile.
METHODS
Through a snowball sampling approach, we recruited adult Chilean residents who sought, were eligible for, and were denied a legal abortion after September 2017. We conducted semistructured interviews with participants to explore their experiences in seeking and being denied legal abortions. We recorded and transcribed the interviews, then coded and analyzed the transcriptions to identify common themes.
RESULTS
We identified four women who met the eligibility criteria. The interviews revealed five common themes in their experiences: (i) disparate levels of social support in accessing abortion, (ii) abundant access barriers, (iii) forced pregnancy, (iv) abortion stigma, and (v) a failure of the law to provide access to abortion.
DISCUSSION AND HEALTH EQUITY IMPLICATIONS
Although the 2017 law expanded legal access to abortion in Chile, significant barriers remain. Compounded with social stigma, and the socioeconomic disparities in abortion access, pregnant people continue to face insurmountable obstacles in obtaining legal abortions, even when their lives are at risk and the pregnancy is not viable. The state must prioritize equity of access to legal abortions. Future studies should continue to explore the challenges people face accessing legal abortion care to inform strategies to ensure people are able to obtain the quality care that they are legally entitled to.
引言
2017年，智利将基于三种情况的堕胎合法化：（i）孕妇生命受到威胁；（ii）胎儿无法存活；（iii）强奸或乱伦。这项多案例研究探讨了在智利依法有权获得合法堕胎但被拒绝的孕妇的经历。
方法
通过滚雪球抽样法，我们招募了2017年9月后寻求合法堕胎、符合条件但被拒绝的成年智利居民。我们对参与者进行了半结构化访谈，以探讨他们寻求合法堕胎及被拒的经历。我们对访谈进行了录音和转录，然后对转录内容进行编码和分析，以确定共同主题。
结果
我们确定了四名符合资格标准的女性。访谈揭示了她们经历中的五个共同主题：（i）获得堕胎服务时社会支持水平的差异；（ii）大量的获取障碍；（iii）被迫怀孕；（iv）堕胎污名化；（v）法律未能提供堕胎途径。
讨论及对健康公平的影响
尽管2017年的法律扩大了智利合法堕胎的范围，但重大障碍仍然存在。加上社会污名以及堕胎服务获取方面的社会经济差异，即使孕妇生命受到威胁且胎儿无法存活，她们在获得合法堕胎方面仍继续面临无法克服的障碍。国家必须优先考虑合法堕胎服务获取的公平性。未来的研究应继续探索人们在获取合法堕胎护理方面面临的挑战，为确保人们能够获得其依法有权享有的优质护理的策略提供信息。
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