Barenie Matthew J, Howie Erin K, Weber Kari A, Thakur Deboleena, Murphy Christopher M, Thomsen Michael R
Center for the Study of Obesity, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, Slot 820, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2024 Mar 22;41:102699. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102699. eCollection 2024 May.
Recess contributes meaningfully to physical activity (PA), but recess time has declined. The study's purpose was to report PA by age, gender, and playground feature to inform potential playground configurations more conducive to PA during recess.
Using the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in the Youth, kindergarten through 5th grade recesses were observed on at least four days at four schools in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States during May 2023. Target playground features were ball courts, grass, pavement, play structures, and swings. To provide inferential analysis, a comparison of conditional means across playground features, age, and gender was conducted using linear regression with robust standard errors clustered by school.
3,356 playground scans (intercoder correlation = 0.93) were collected and aggregated by school, day, gender, age (grade), and target feature for a sample size of 292 observations. The gender gap was widest among 4-5th graders, 79 % (95 % CI: 72, 86) for males and 64 % (95 % CI: 58, 70) for females. Among females, PA was highest on swings [82 % (95 % CI: 77, 86)] and lowest on paved areas [56 % (95 % CI: 43, 69)]. Among males, it was highest on both swings [81 % (95 % CI: 75, 86)] and ball courts [83 % (95 % CI: 77, 89)] and lowest on grassy areas [64 % (95 % CI: 60, 67)].
Swings, courts, and play structures were associated with a higher proportion of children being engaged in PA. Research is needed to identify whether physical improvements to facilitate access to these features increase PA.
课间休息对体育活动（PA）有重要贡献，但课间休息时间已有所减少。本研究的目的是按年龄、性别和操场设施报告体育活动情况，以便为更有利于课间休息时体育活动的潜在操场配置提供参考。
使用青少年游戏和休闲活动观察系统，于2023年5月在美国阿肯色州小石城的四所学校，对幼儿园至五年级的课间休息进行了至少四天的观察。目标操场设施包括篮球场、草地、路面、游乐设施和秋千。为了进行推断分析，使用稳健标准误并按学校聚类的线性回归，对不同操场设施、年龄和性别的条件均值进行了比较。
共收集了3356次操场观察数据（编码员间相关性 = 0.93），并按学校、日期、性别、年龄（年级）和目标设施进行汇总，样本量为292次观察。4至5年级学生的性别差距最大，男生为79%（95%置信区间：72, 86），女生为64%（95%置信区间：58, 70）。在女生中，秋千上的体育活动参与率最高[82%（95%置信区间：77, 86）]，路面区域最低[56%（95%置信区间：43, 69）]。在男生中，秋千[81%（95%置信区间：75, 86）]和篮球场[83%（95%置信区间：77, 89）]上的体育活动参与率最高，草地最低[64%（95%置信区间：60, 67）]。
秋千、球场和游乐设施与更高比例的儿童参与体育活动有关。需要开展研究来确定改善这些设施的可达性是否能增加体育活动量。
