Department of Neurology, The Fourth Clinical School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Mol Neurobiol. 2024 Nov;61(11):8797-8819. doi: 10.1007/s12035-024-04126-3. Epub 2024 Apr 2.
Neurological diseases are a major cause of the global burden of disease. Although the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of neurological diseases are not fully clear, most of them are associated with cells mediating neuroinflammation. Yet medications and other therapeutic options to improve treatment are still very limited. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), as a delightfully potent breakthrough technology, not only identifies various cell types and response states but also uncovers cell-specific gene expression changes, gene regulatory networks, intercellular communication, and cellular movement trajectories, among others, in different cell types. In this review, we describe the technology of scRNA-seq in detail and discuss and summarize the application of scRNA-seq in exploring neurological diseases, elaborating the corresponding specific mechanisms of the diseases as well as providing a reliable basis for new therapeutic approaches. Finally, we affirm that scRNA-seq promotes the development of the neuroscience field and enables us to have a deeper cellular understanding of neurological diseases in the future, which provides strong support for the treatment of neurological diseases and the improvement of patients' prognosis.
神经疾病是全球疾病负担的主要原因之一。尽管神经疾病发生和发展的机制尚不完全清楚，但大多数都与介导神经炎症的细胞有关。然而，改善治疗的药物和其他治疗选择仍然非常有限。单细胞 RNA 测序（scRNA-seq）作为一项令人欣喜的突破性技术，不仅可以识别各种细胞类型和反应状态，还可以揭示不同细胞类型中特定的基因表达变化、基因调控网络、细胞间通讯和细胞运动轨迹等。在这篇综述中，我们详细描述了 scRNA-seq 技术，并讨论和总结了 scRNA-seq 在探索神经疾病中的应用，阐述了相应疾病的具体机制，并为新的治疗方法提供了可靠的依据。最后，我们肯定了 scRNA-seq 促进了神经科学领域的发展，使我们能够在未来对神经疾病有更深入的细胞理解，为神经疾病的治疗和改善患者预后提供了有力支持。
