Zhang Yijie, Wang Dan, Peng Miao, Tang Le, Ouyang Jiawei, Xiong Fang, Guo Can, Tang Yanyan, Zhou Yujuan, Liao Qianjin, Wu Xu, Wang Hui, Yu Jianjun, Li Yong, Li Xiaoling, Li Guiyuan, Zeng Zhaoyang, Tan Yixin, Xiong Wei
NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Mar 1;40(1):81. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-01874-1.
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), a technology that analyzes transcriptomes of complex tissues at single-cell levels, can identify differential gene expression and epigenetic factors caused by mutations in unicellular genomes, as well as new cell-specific markers and cell types. scRNA-seq plays an important role in various aspects of tumor research. It reveals the heterogeneity of tumor cells and monitors the progress of tumor development, thereby preventing further cellular deterioration. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis of immune cells in tumor tissue can be used to classify immune cells, their immune escape mechanisms and drug resistance mechanisms, and to develop effective clinical targeted therapies combined with immunotherapy. Moreover, this method enables the study of intercellular communication and the interaction of tumor cells and non-malignant cells to reveal their role in carcinogenesis. scRNA-seq provides new technical means for further development of tumor research and is expected to make significant breakthroughs in this field. This review focuses on the principles of scRNA-seq, with an emphasis on the application of scRNA-seq in tumor heterogeneity, pathogenesis, and treatment.
单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）是一种在单细胞水平分析复杂组织转录组的技术，它可以识别单细胞基因组突变引起的差异基因表达和表观遗传因素，以及新的细胞特异性标志物和细胞类型。scRNA-seq在肿瘤研究的各个方面都发挥着重要作用。它揭示了肿瘤细胞的异质性，监测肿瘤发展进程，从而防止细胞进一步恶化。此外，肿瘤组织中免疫细胞的转录组分析可用于对免疫细胞进行分类，了解其免疫逃逸机制和耐药机制，并结合免疫疗法开发有效的临床靶向治疗方法。而且，这种方法能够研究细胞间通讯以及肿瘤细胞与非恶性细胞的相互作用，以揭示它们在致癌过程中的作用。scRNA-seq为肿瘤研究的进一步发展提供了新的技术手段，有望在该领域取得重大突破。本综述重点介绍scRNA-seq的原理，着重阐述scRNA-seq在肿瘤异质性、发病机制和治疗中的应用。
