Wang Jiao, Wu Jingping, Jiang Zhouhu, Zhou Zilei, Zhang Limei, Zhao Jiayou, Jia Kun, Hu Jian
State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024 Apr 17;16(15):19529-19536. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c00507. Epub 2024 Apr 2.
Flexible and stretchable transparent heaters (THs) have been widely used in various applications, including deicing and defogging of flexible screens as well as thermotherapy pads. Ionic THs based on ionogels have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional electronic THs due to their unique advantages in terms of transparency-conductance conflict, uniform heating, and interfacial adhesion. However, the commonly used hydrophilic ionogels inevitably introduce a moisture-sensitive issue. In this work, we present a stretchable and transparent hydrophobic ionogel-based heater that utilizes ionic current-induced Joule heating under high-frequency alternating current. This ionogel-based TH exhibits exceptional multifunctional properties with low hysteresis, a fracture strain of 840%, transmittance of 93%, conductivity of 0.062 S m, temperature resistance up to 165 °C, voltage resistance up to 120 V, heating rate of 0.1 °C s, steady-state temperature at 115 °C, and uniform heating even when bent or stretched (up to 200%). Furthermore, it maintains its heating performance when it is directly exposed to water. This hydrophobic ionogel-based TH expands the range of materials available for ionic THs and paves the way for their practical applications.
柔性可拉伸透明加热器（THs）已广泛应用于各种领域，包括柔性屏幕的除冰和除雾以及热疗垫。基于离子凝胶的离子型THs由于在透明度-电导率冲突、均匀加热和界面粘附方面具有独特优势，已成为传统电子THs的一种有前途的替代品。然而，常用的亲水性离子凝胶不可避免地会带来湿度敏感问题。在这项工作中，我们展示了一种基于可拉伸透明疏水性离子凝胶的加热器，它在高频交流电下利用离子电流诱导的焦耳热。这种基于离子凝胶的TH表现出卓越的多功能特性，具有低滞后性、840%的断裂应变、93%的透光率、0.062 S m的电导率、高达165°C的耐热性、高达120 V的耐电压性、0.1°C s的加热速率、115°C的稳态温度，并且即使弯曲或拉伸（高达200%）也能均匀加热。此外，当直接暴露于水中时，它仍能保持其加热性能。这种基于疏水性离子凝胶的TH扩展了离子型THs可用材料的范围，并为其实际应用铺平了道路。
