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在 UDP-葡萄糖醛酸转移酶(UGT)1A 第一外显子区域内的隐匿供体位点的激活产生了变异转录本,这些转录本编码具有截断的缀合部位结合域的 UGT1A 蛋白。

Activation of Cryptic Donor Splice Sites within the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A First-Exon Region Generates Variant Transcripts That Encode UGT1A Proteins with Truncated Aglycone-Binding Domains.

机构信息

College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia

College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia.

出版信息

Drug Metab Dispos. 2024 May 16;52(6):526-538. doi: 10.1124/dmd.123.001565.

Abstract

The human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) have crucial roles in metabolizing and clearing numerous small lipophilic compounds. The locus generates nine UGT1A mRNAs, 65 spliced transcripts, and 34 circular RNAs. In this study, our analysis of published UGT-RNA capture sequencing (CaptureSeq) datasets identified novel splice junctions that predict 24 variant UGT1A transcripts derived from ligation of exon 2 to unique sequences within the UGT1A first-exon region using cryptic donor splice sites. Of these variants, seven (1A1_n1, 1A3_n3, 1A4_n4, 1A5_n1, 1A8_n2, 1A9_n2, 1A10_n7) are predicted to encode UGT1A proteins with truncated aglycone-binding domains. We assessed their expression profiles and deregulation in cancer using four RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets of paired normal and cancerous drug-metabolizing tissues from large patient cohorts. Variants were generally coexpressed with their canonical counterparts with a higher relative abundance in tumor than in normal tissues. Variants showed tissue-specific expression with high interindividual variability but overall low abundance. However, 1A8_n2 showed high abundance in normal and cancerous colorectal tissues, with levels that approached or surpassed canonical 1A8 mRNA levels in many samples. We cloned 1A8_n2 and showed expression of the predicted protein (1A8_i3) in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293T cells. Glucuronidation assays with 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) showed that 1A8_i3 had no activity and was unable to inhibit the activity of 1A8_i1 protein. In summary, the activation of cryptic donor splice sites within the UGT1A first-exon region expands the UGT1A transcriptome and proteome. The 1A8_n2 cryptic donor splice site is highly active in colorectal tissues, representing an important -regulatory element that negatively regulates the function of the gene through pre-mRNA splicing. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT: The locus generates nine canonical mRNAs, 65 alternately spliced transcripts, and 34 different circular RNAs. The present study reports a series of novel UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A variants resulting from use of cryptic donor splice sites in both normal and cancerous tissues, several of which are predicted to encode variant UGT1A proteins with truncated aglycone-binding domains. Of these, 1A8_n2 shows exceptionally high abundance in colorectal tissues, highlighting its potential role in the first-pass metabolism in gut through the glucuronidation pathway.

摘要

人类 UDP-葡糖醛酸基转移酶 (UGTs) 在代谢和清除许多脂溶性小分子化合物方面发挥着重要作用。该基因座产生 9 种 UGT1A mRNA、65 种剪接转录本和 34 种环状 RNA。在这项研究中,我们对已发表的 UGT-RNA 捕获测序 (CaptureSeq) 数据集进行了分析,鉴定了新的剪接接头,这些接头预测了 24 种变异的 UGT1A 转录本,这些转录本是通过在 UGT1A 第一外显子区域内的独特序列中使用隐蔽的供体位点连接外显子 2 产生的。在这些变体中,有 7 种(1A1_n1、1A3_n3、1A4_n4、1A5_n1、1A8_n2、1A9_n2、1A10_n7)被预测编码具有截断的配体结合结构域的 UGT1A 蛋白。我们使用来自大型患者队列的配对正常和癌变药物代谢组织的四个 RNA 测序 (RNA-Seq) 数据集评估了它们在癌症中的表达谱和失调情况。这些变体通常与它们的经典对应物共表达,在肿瘤组织中的相对丰度高于正常组织。这些变体表现出组织特异性表达,个体间差异很大,但总体丰度较低。然而,1A8_n2 在正常和癌变的结直肠组织中表达丰度较高,在许多样本中,其水平接近或超过了经典 1A8 mRNA 的水平。我们克隆了 1A8_n2,并在人胚肾 (HEK)293T 细胞中显示了预测蛋白 (1A8_i3) 的表达。用 4-甲基伞形酮 (4MU) 进行的葡萄糖醛酸化测定表明,1A8_i3 没有活性,并且不能抑制 1A8_i1 蛋白的活性。总之,UGT1A 第一外显子区域内隐蔽供体位点的激活扩展了 UGT1A 转录组和蛋白质组。1A8_n2 隐蔽供体位点在结直肠组织中高度活跃,是一个重要的调节元件,通过前体 mRNA 剪接负调控基因的功能。重要声明:该基因座产生 9 种典型的 mRNA、65 种交替剪接的转录本和 34 种不同的环状 RNA。本研究报道了一系列新的 UDP-葡糖醛酸基转移酶 (UGT)1A 变体,这些变体源自正常和癌变组织中隐蔽供体位点的使用,其中一些变体被预测编码具有截断配体结合结构域的变体 UGT1A 蛋白。在这些变体中,1A8_n2 在结直肠组织中表达丰度异常高,突出了其在肠道中通过葡萄糖醛酸化途径进行首次通过代谢中的潜在作用。

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