School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Commun Biol. 2024 Apr 2;7(1):401. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06068-x.
Cave crickets (Rhaphidophoridae) are insects of an ancient and wingless lineage within Orthoptera that are distributed worldwide except in Antarctica, and each subfamily has a high level of endemicity. Here, we show the comprehensive phylogeny of cave crickets using multi-gene datasets from mitochondrial and nuclear loci, including all extant subfamilies for the first time. We reveal phylogenetic relationships between subfamilies, including the sister relationship between Anoplophilinae and Gammarotettiginae, based on which we suggest new synapomorphies. Through biogeographic analyses based on divergence time estimations and ancestral range reconstruction, we propose novel hypotheses regarding the biogeographic history of cave crickets. We suggest that Gammarotettiginae in California originated from the Asian lineage when Asia and the Americas were connected by the Bering land bridge, and the opening of the western interior seaway affected the division of Ceuthophilinae from Tropidischiinae in North America. We estimate that Rhaphidophoridae originated at 138 Mya throughout Pangea. We further hypothesize that the loss of wings in Rhaphidophoridae could be the result of their adaptation to low temperatures in the Mesozoic era.
穴蟋蟀（蟋蟀科）是直翅目内一个古老的无翅谱系昆虫，分布于世界各地，除南极洲外，每个亚科都具有高度的特有性。在这里，我们首次使用来自线粒体和核基因座的多基因数据集展示了穴蟋蟀的综合系统发育关系。我们揭示了亚科之间的系统发育关系，包括 Anoplophilinae 和 Gammarotettiginae 之间的姐妹关系，并基于此提出了新的共衍征。通过基于分歧时间估计和祖先范围重建的生物地理分析，我们提出了关于穴蟋蟀生物地理历史的新假说。我们提出，加利福尼亚的 Gammarotettiginae 起源于亚洲谱系，当时亚洲和美洲通过白令陆桥相连，而西部内陆海峡的开放影响了北美洲 Ceuthophilinae 与 Tropidischiinae 的分裂。我们估计，蟋蟀科起源于 1.38 亿年前的泛大陆时期。我们进一步假设，蟋蟀科翅膀的丧失可能是它们对中生代低温环境的适应结果。
