Fougère-Danezan Marie, Joly Simon, Bruneau Anne, Gao Xin-Fen, Zhang Li-Bing
Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (Département de Sciences biologiques), Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada, Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada and Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (Département de Sciences biologiques), Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada, Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada and Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA
Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (Département de Sciences biologiques), Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada, Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada and Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (Département de Sciences biologiques), Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada, Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada and Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA.
Ann Bot. 2015 Feb;115(2):275-91. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcu245. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
The genus Rosa (150-200 species) is widely distributed throughout temperate and sub-tropical habitats from the northern hemisphere to tropical Asia, with only one tropical African species. In order to better understand the evolution of roses, this study examines infrageneric relationships with respect to conventional taxonomy, considers the extent of allopolyploidization and infers macroevolutionary processes that have led to the current distribution of the genus.
Phylogenetic relationships among 101 species of the genus Rosa were reconstructed using sequences from the plastid psbA-trnH spacer, trnL intron, trnL-F spacer, trnS-G spacer and trnG intron, as well as from nuclear glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which was used to identify putative allopolyploids and infer their possible origins. Chloroplast phylogeny was used to estimate divergence times and reconstruct ancestral areas.
Most subgenera and sections defined by traditional taxonomy are not monophyletic. However, several clades are partly consistent with currently recognized sections. Allopolyploidy seems to have played an important role in stabilizing intersectional hybrids. Biogeographic analyses suggest that Asia played a central role as a genetic reservoir in the evolution of the genus Rosa.
The ancestral area reconstruction suggests that despite an early presence on the American continent, most extant American species are the results of a later re-colonization from Asia, probably through the Bering Land Bridge. The results suggest more recent exchanges between Asia and western North America than with eastern North America. The current distribution of roses from the Synstylae lineage in Europe is probably the result of a migration from Asia approx. 30 million years ago, after the closure of the Turgai strait. Directions for a new sectional classification of the genus Rosa are proposed, and the analyses provide an evolutionary framework for future studies on this notoriously difficult genus.
蔷薇属（150 - 200种）广泛分布于从北半球到热带亚洲的温带和亚热带栖息地，仅有一种分布于热带非洲。为了更好地理解蔷薇的进化，本研究考察了基于传统分类学的属下类群关系，考虑了异源多倍体化的程度，并推断导致该属当前分布的宏观进化过程。
利用叶绿体psbA - trnH间隔区、trnL内含子trnL - F间隔区、trnS - G间隔区和trnG内含子以及核甘油醛 - 3 - 磷酸脱氢酶（GAPDH）的序列，重建了蔷薇属101个物种之间的系统发育关系，GAPDH用于鉴定假定的异源多倍体并推断其可能的起源。利用叶绿体系统发育来估计分歧时间并重建祖先分布区。
传统分类学定义的大多数亚属和组并非单系类群。然而，几个分支部分与当前认可的组一致。异源多倍体似乎在稳定组间杂种方面发挥了重要作用。生物地理学分析表明，亚洲在蔷薇属的进化中作为遗传库发挥了核心作用。
祖先分布区重建表明，尽管蔷薇属早期出现在美洲大陆，但现存的大多数美洲物种是后来从亚洲重新定殖的结果，可能是通过白令陆桥。结果表明，亚洲与北美西部之间的交流比与北美东部更为频繁。欧洲合柱组系蔷薇的当前分布可能是约3000万年前图尔盖海峡关闭后从亚洲迁移的结果。提出了蔷薇属新的组分类方向，这些分析为未来对这个 notoriously difficult genus（这个极难研究的属）的研究提供了一个进化框架。
