Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China.
Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China.
Arch Virol. 2024 Apr 2;169(5):89. doi: 10.1007/s00705-024-06020-8.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal suckling piglets, leading to significant economic losses to the swine industry. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are bioactive extracts derived from the P. notoginseng plant. In this study, we investigated the anti-PEDV effect of PNS by employing various methodologies to assess their impact on PEDV in Vero cells. Using a CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) assay, we found that PNS had no significant cytotoxicity below the concentration of 128 µg/mL in Vero cells. Using immunofluorescence assays (IFAs), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plaque formation assays, we observed a dose-dependent inhibition of PEDV infection by PNS within 24-48 hours postinfection. PNS exerts its anti-PEDV activity specifically at the genome replication stage, and mRNA-seq analysis demonstrated that treatment with PNS resulted in increased expression of various genes, including IFIT1 (interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1), IFIT3 (interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3), CFH (complement factor H), IGSF10 (immunoglobulin superfamily member 10), ID2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2), SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1), PLCB4 (phospholipase C beta 4), and FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4), but it resulted in decreased expression of IL1A (interleukin 1 alpha), TNFRSF19 (TNF receptor superfamily member 19), CDH8 (cadherin 8), DDIT3 (DNA damage inducible transcript 3), GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha), PTPRG (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type G), PCK2 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2), and ADGRA2 (adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A2). This study provides insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of PNS. Taken together, the results suggest that the PNS might effectively regulate the defense response to the virus and have potential to be used in antiviral therapies.
猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）可引起新生仔猪严重腹泻和高死亡率，给养猪业造成重大经济损失。三七总皂苷（PNS）是从三七植物中提取的生物活性提取物。本研究采用多种方法研究了 PNS 对 PEDV 在 Vero 细胞中的影响，探讨了 PNS 的抗 PEDV 作用。通过 CCK-8（细胞计数试剂盒-8）测定法，我们发现 PNS 在低于 128μg/ml 的浓度下对 Vero 细胞没有明显的细胞毒性。通过免疫荧光分析（IFA）、酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和蚀斑形成测定，我们观察到 PNS 在感染后 24-48 小时内呈剂量依赖性抑制 PEDV 感染。PNS 特异性地在基因组复制阶段发挥抗 PEDV 活性，mRNA-seq 分析表明，用 PNS 处理会导致包括 IFIT1（干扰素诱导的四肽重复蛋白 1）、IFIT3（干扰素诱导的四肽重复蛋白 3）、CFH（补体因子 H）、IGSF10（免疫球蛋白超家族成员 10）、ID2（DNA 结合抑制因子 2）、SPP1（分泌型磷蛋白 1）、PLCB4（磷脂酶 Cβ4）和 FABP4（脂肪酸结合蛋白 4）在内的多种基因的表达增加，但会导致 IL1A（白细胞介素 1α）、TNFRSF19（肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员 19）、CDH8（钙粘蛋白 8）、DDIT3（DNA 损伤诱导转录物 3）、GADD45A（生长停滞和 DNA 损伤诱导的α）、PTPRG（蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶受体 G）、PCK2（磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶 2）和 ADGRA2（粘附 G 蛋白偶联受体 A2）的表达降低。本研究深入了解了 PNS 抗病毒作用的潜在机制。综上所述，这些结果表明 PNS 可能有效地调节对病毒的防御反应，并有潜力用于抗病毒治疗。
