School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China.
Animal Model Exp Med. 2024 Apr;7(2):98-105. doi: 10.1002/ame2.12404. Epub 2024 Apr 3.
Gut microbiota exert an immense effect on host health and host environmental adaptation. Furthermore, the composition and structure of gut microbiota are determined by the environment and host genetic factors. However, the relative contribution of the environment and host genetic factors toward shaping the structure of gut microbiota has been poorly understood.
In this study, we characterized the fecal microbial communities of the closely related voles Neodon fuscus, Lasiopodomys brandtii, and L. mandarinus after caged feeding in the laboratory for 6 months, through high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.
The results of pairwise comparisons of N. fuscus vs. L. brandtii and L. mandarinus vs. L. brandtii revealed significant differences in bacterial diversity and composition after domestication. While 991 same operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared in three voles, there were 362, 291, and 303 species-specific OTUs in N. fuscus, L. brandtii, and L. mandarinus, respectively. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Prevotella, which are reported to be enriched in high-altitude populations, were significantly higher in high-altitude N. fuscus than in low-altitude L. brandtii after domestication. Firmicutes, which produce various digestive enzymes for energy metabolism, and Spirochaetes, which can degrade cellulose, were found in higher abundance in subterranean L. mandarinus than that in L. brandtii which dwells on the earth surface.
Our findings showed that some components of gut microbiota still maintained dominance even when different host species are reared under the same environmental conditions, suggesting that these bacteria are substantially influenced by host factors.
肠道微生物群对宿主健康和宿主环境适应有巨大影响。此外，肠道微生物群的组成和结构取决于环境和宿主遗传因素。然而，环境和宿主遗传因素对肠道微生物群结构的相对影响仍知之甚少。
本研究通过高通量测序和生物信息学分析，对实验室笼养 6 个月的近亲田鼠、布氏田鼠和子午沙鼠的粪便微生物群落进行了特征描述。
田鼠与布氏田鼠和子午沙鼠与布氏田鼠的两两比较结果表明，驯化后细菌多样性和组成存在显著差异。虽然在三种田鼠中共有 991 个相同的操作分类单元（OTU），但在田鼠、布氏田鼠和子午沙鼠中分别有 362、291 和 303 个物种特异性 OTU。在驯化后，高海拔田鼠中丰度较高的变形菌门和普雷沃氏菌属（被报道在高海拔地区富集）的相对丰度明显高于低海拔的布氏田鼠。在地下生活的子午沙鼠中，产生活性消化酶进行能量代谢的厚壁菌门和可降解纤维素的螺旋体的丰度高于在地面生活的布氏田鼠。
我们的研究结果表明，即使在相同环境条件下不同宿主物种被饲养，一些肠道微生物群的组成仍保持优势，这表明这些细菌受到宿主因素的强烈影响。
