Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0069224. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00692-24. Epub 2024 Apr 3.
Defective viral genomes (DVGs) are truncated derivatives of their parental viral genomes generated during an aberrant round of viral genomic replication. Distinct classes of DVGs have been identified in most families of both positive- and negative-sense RNA viruses. Importantly, DVGs have been detected in clinical samples from virally infected individuals and an emerging body of association studies implicates DVGs in shaping the severity of disease caused by viral infections in humans. Consequently, there is growing interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DVG generation, how DVGs interact with the innate immune system, and harnessing DVGs as novel therapeutics and vaccine adjuvants to attenuate viral pathogenesis. This minireview focuses on single-stranded RNA viruses (excluding retroviridae), and summarizes the current knowledge of DVG generation, the functions and diversity of DVG species, the roles DVGs play in influencing disease progression, and their application as antivirals and vaccine adjuvants.
缺陷性病毒基因组（DVGs）是在异常的病毒基因组复制过程中产生的其亲本病毒基因组的截断衍生物。在大多数正链和负链 RNA 病毒家族中都已鉴定出不同类别的 DVGs。重要的是，已在受病毒感染个体的临床样本中检测到 DVGs，越来越多的关联研究表明，DVGs在塑造人类病毒感染引起的疾病严重程度方面发挥作用。因此，人们越来越有兴趣了解 DVG 生成的分子机制、DVGs 与先天免疫系统的相互作用，以及利用 DVG 作为新型治疗药物和疫苗佐剂来减轻病毒发病机制。这篇迷你综述重点关注单链 RNA 病毒（不包括逆转录病毒科），总结了 DVG 生成、DVG 种的功能和多样性、DVGs 在影响疾病进展中的作用以及它们作为抗病毒药物和疫苗佐剂的应用的最新知识。
