Department of Sociology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Soc Sci Med. 2024 May;348:116827. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116827. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
In recent decades, the rise of non-standard employment in China is thought to profoundly influence workers' health. Using data from the China General Social Survey 2010-2021, this study compares the self-rated health of workers engaged in various non-standard employment types with those in unemployment or standard employment in urban China. The research also investigates how these patterns have evolved over time among urban residents with different hukou types amid the expansion of China's welfare system and labor market shifts. We find that while unemployment is significantly related to worse self-rated health, the effects vary across different types of non-standard employment. Precarious employment has a more substantial adverse effect on health than part-time and self-employment, although the effect is less severe than that of unemployment. Between 2010 and 2018, the health impact of precarious employment declined, aligning with China's enhanced welfare system. However, its negative effect re-emerged in 2021. These patterns are particularly pronounced for urban residents holding agricultural hukou, highlighting the intersection of non-standard employment with the household registration system in shaping health outcomes within evolving labor markets.
近几十年来，中国非标准就业的兴起被认为深刻影响了劳动者的健康。本研究利用中国综合社会调查（CGSS）2010-2021 年的数据，比较了中国城市中从事各种非标准就业类型的劳动者与失业或标准就业劳动者的自评健康状况。研究还考察了在中国福利制度扩张和劳动力市场转变的背景下，不同户籍类型的城市居民中这些模式是如何随时间演变的。我们发现，虽然失业与较差的自评健康显著相关，但不同类型的非标准就业的影响有所不同。不稳定就业对健康的不利影响大于兼职和自营职业，尽管其影响不如失业严重。2010 年至 2018 年，不稳定就业的健康影响有所下降，这与中国福利制度的增强相一致。然而，2021 年其负面影响再次出现。对于持有农业户籍的城市居民来说，这些模式尤为明显，突出了非标准就业与户籍制度在塑造不断变化的劳动力市场中的健康结果方面的交叉。
