Van Aerden Karen, Gadeyne Sylvie, Vanroelen Christophe
Interface Demography, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Arch Public Health. 2017 Aug 24;75:55. doi: 10.1186/s13690-017-0225-5. eCollection 2017.
This study focuses on the health impact of the labour market position, since recent research indicates that exposure to both unemployment and precarious employment causes serious harm to people's health and well-being. An overview of general and mental health associations of different labour market positions in Belgium is provided. A distinction is made between employment and unemployment and in addition between different types of jobs among the employed, taking into account the quality of employment. Given the fact that precarious labour market positions tend to coincide with a precarious social environment, the latter is taken into consideration by including the composition and material living conditions of the household and the presence of social support.
Belgian data from the 1st Generations and Gender Survey are used. A Latent Class Cluster Analysis is performed to construct a typology of labour market positions that includes four different types of waged employment: standard jobs, instrumental jobs, precarious jobs and portfolio jobs, as well as self-employment and unemployment. Then, binary logistic regression analyses are performed in order to relate this typology to health, controlling for household situation and social support. Two health outcomes are included: self-perceived general health (good versus fair/bad) and self-rated mental health (good versus bad, based on 7 items from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale).
Two labour market positions are consistently related to poor general and mental health in Belgium: unemployment and the precarious job type. The rather small gap in general and mental health between both labour market positions emphasises the importance of employment quality for the health and well-being of individuals in waged employment. Controlling for the household level context and social support illustrates that part of the reported health associations can be explained by the precarious social environment of individuals in unfavourable labour market positions.
The results from this study confirm that the labour market position and social environment of individuals are important health determinants in Belgium.
本研究聚焦于劳动力市场地位对健康的影响，因为近期研究表明，经历失业和不稳定就业都会对人们的健康和福祉造成严重损害。本文概述了比利时不同劳动力市场地位与总体健康及心理健康之间的关联。研究区分了就业和失业情况，此外还在就业人群中根据就业质量区分了不同类型的工作。鉴于不稳定的劳动力市场地位往往与不稳定的社会环境相契合，因此通过纳入家庭的构成和物质生活条件以及社会支持的存在情况来考虑后者。
使用来自第一代人与性别调查的比利时数据。进行潜在类别聚类分析，以构建劳动力市场地位类型，其中包括四种不同类型的有薪就业：标准工作、工具性工作、不稳定工作和组合工作，以及自营职业和失业。然后，进行二元逻辑回归分析，以便将这种类型与健康状况相关联，同时控制家庭状况和社会支持。纳入了两个健康结果：自我感知的总体健康状况（良好与一般/较差）和自我评定的心理健康状况（良好与较差，基于流行病学研究中心抑郁量表的7个项目）。
在比利时，有两种劳动力市场地位始终与较差的总体健康和心理健康相关：失业和不稳定工作类型。这两种劳动力市场地位在总体健康和心理健康方面的差距相当小，这凸显了就业质量对有薪就业者的健康和福祉的重要性。控制家庭层面的背景和社会支持表明，所报告的健康关联部分可由处于不利劳动力市场地位的个人的不稳定社会环境来解释。
本研究结果证实，在比利时，个人的劳动力市场地位和社会环境是重要的健康决定因素。
