Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Science. 2024 Apr 5;384(6691):87-93. doi: 10.1126/science.adj1914. Epub 2024 Apr 4.
Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification, for example, in the form of intensively managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system boundaries. Here, we estimated how agricultural diversification simultaneously affects social and environmental outcomes. Drawing from 24 studies in 11 countries across 2655 farms, we show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, noncrop plantings, and water conservation benefit social (e.g., human well-being, yields, and food security) and environmental (e.g., biodiversity, ecosystem services, and reduced environmental externalities) outcomes. We found that applying multiple diversification strategies creates more positive outcomes than individual management strategies alone. To realize these benefits, well-designed policies are needed to incentivize the adoption of multiple diversification strategies in unison.
农业的单一化在不断扩张，以牺牲更多元的农业形式为代价。这种单一化，例如以集约化管理的单一栽培形式，对维持世界在安全和公正的地球系统边界内构成了威胁。在这里，我们估计了农业多样化如何同时影响社会和环境成果。我们从 11 个国家的 24 项研究中，在 2655 个农场中进行了调查，展示了五种侧重于牲畜、作物、土壤、非作物种植和水资源保护的多样化战略如何使社会（例如人类福祉、产量和粮食安全）和环境（例如生物多样性、生态系统服务和减少环境外部性）受益。我们发现，应用多种多样化战略比单独应用单一管理战略产生更多的积极成果。为了实现这些好处，需要制定精心设计的政策，以激励同时采用多种多样化战略。
