自闭症谱系障碍儿童的养育态度：日本环境与儿童研究。
Parenting attitude towards children with autism spectrum disorders: the Japan environment and children's study.
机构信息
Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
Department of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan.
出版信息
BMJ Paediatr Open. 2024 Apr 4;8(1):e002360. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002360.
OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the parenting attitudes towards children with autism spectrum disorders in early childhood in Japan.
DESIGN
This study was a cohort study. The participants were enrolled from January 2011 to March 2014. We obtained the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders at 3 years of age, parenting attitudes and other factors from questionnaires. We divided the participants into two groups, an autism spectrum disorders group and a non-autism spectrum disorders group, and compared the parenting attitudes.
SETTING
This study used data from a Japanese birth cohort study: the Japan Environment and Children's Study, conducted across 15 regional centres in Japan.
PARTICIPANTS
The full dataset of the Japan Environment and Children's Study comprised 104 059 records. We excluded 17 889 records because the answer for the autism spectrum disorders in the questionnaire was blank. As a result, we analysed the remaining 82 411 mother-child pairs.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome variable was parenting attitudes at 3.5 years of age, which was assessed using a questionnaire. We asked respondents 16 questions related to parenting attitudes, and they answered based on their behaviours. The independent variable was the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders at 3 years of age.
RESULTS
Of the 82 411 participants, the children with autism spectrum disorders at 3 years of age were 372 (0.45%). In most questions about parenting attitudes, the autism spectrum disorders group had unfavourable responses. The difference was particularly noticeable when the parents taught their children social discipline. Unfavourable parenting attitudes were 16.6% in the autism spectrum disorders group and 0.8% in the non-autism spectrum disorders group in the question item with the largest difference between the two groups, a significant difference.
CONCLUSIONS
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders tended to have unfavourable attitudes, suggesting the importance of parental training.
目的
本研究的主要目的是调查日本幼儿自闭症谱系障碍儿童的育儿态度。
设计
本研究为队列研究。参与者于 2011 年 1 月至 2014 年 3 月入组。我们通过问卷调查获得了 3 岁时自闭症谱系障碍的患病率、育儿态度和其他因素。我们将参与者分为自闭症谱系障碍组和非自闭症谱系障碍组，并比较了育儿态度。
设置
本研究使用了来自日本出生队列研究——日本环境与儿童研究的数据，该研究在日本的 15 个地区中心进行。
参与者
日本环境与儿童研究的完整数据集包含 104059 条记录。我们排除了 17889 条记录，因为问卷中自闭症谱系障碍的答案是空白的。因此，我们分析了其余 82411 对母婴。
主要结局测量
主要结局变量是 3.5 岁时的育儿态度，通过问卷评估。我们向受访者提出了 16 个与育儿态度相关的问题，他们根据自己的行为回答。自变量是 3 岁时自闭症谱系障碍的患病率。
结果
在 82411 名参与者中，3 岁时患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童有 372 名（0.45%）。在大多数关于育儿态度的问题中，自闭症谱系障碍组的回答都不太积极。当父母教导孩子社交纪律时，这种差异尤其明显。在两组差异最大的问题中，自闭症谱系障碍组的不良育儿态度为 16.6%，而非自闭症谱系障碍组为 0.8%，差异显著。
结论
自闭症谱系障碍儿童的父母往往态度不佳，这表明父母培训的重要性。
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