School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
Environ Res. 2024 Jul 1;252(Pt 1):118863. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118863. Epub 2024 Apr 3.
In this study, a systematic monitoring campaign of 30 antibiotics belonging to tetracyclines (TCs), macrolides (MLs), fluoroquinolones (FQs) and sulfonamides (SAs) was performed in the Xi'an section of the Wei River during three sampling events (December 2021, June 2022, and September 2022). The total concentrations of antibiotics in water ranged from 297 to 461 ng/L with high detection frequencies ranging from 45% to 100% for the various antibiotics. A marked seasonal variation in concentrations was found with total antibiotic concentrations in winter being 1.5 and 2 times higher than those in the summer and autumn seasons, respectively. The main contaminants in both winter and summer seasons were FQs, but in the autumn SAs were more abundant, suggesting different seasonal sources or more effective runoff for certain antibiotics during periods of rainfall. Combined analysis using redundancy and clustering analysis indicated that the distribution of antibiotics in the Wei River was affected by the confluence with dilution of tributaries and outlet of domestic sewage. Ecological risk assessment based on risk quotient (RQ) showed that most antibiotics in water samples posed insignificant risk to fish and green algae, as well as insignificant to low risk to Daphnia. The water-sediment distribution coefficients of SAs were higher than those of other antibiotics, indicating that particle-bound runoff could be a significant source for this class of antibiotics.
本研究在三个采样期（2021 年 12 月、2022 年 6 月和 2022 年 9 月）对渭河流域西安段的 30 种抗生素（属于四环素类、大环内酯类、氟喹诺酮类和磺胺类）进行了系统监测。水中抗生素的总浓度范围为 297 至 461ng/L，各种抗生素的检测频率从 45%到 100%不等。浓度存在明显的季节性变化，冬季总抗生素浓度分别比夏季和秋季高 1.5 倍和 2 倍。冬季和夏季的主要污染物都是氟喹诺酮类，但秋季磺胺类更为丰富，这表明在降雨期间，某些抗生素的季节性来源或更有效的径流量不同。冗余分析和聚类分析的综合分析表明，抗生素在渭河中分布受到支流汇合和稀释以及生活污水排放口的影响。基于风险商（RQ）的生态风险评估表明，水样中的大多数抗生素对鱼类和绿藻的风险较小或低，对水蚤的风险较小或低。磺胺类在水中的分配系数高于其他抗生素，表明颗粒结合的径流可能是这类抗生素的一个重要来源。
